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Nursing Lecture > Ch. 23 Administering Medications > Flashcards

Ch. 23 Administering Medications Flashcards

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1
Q

Pharmacology

A

The science of drug effects. It deals with all drugs used in society, legal and illegal, prescription and nonprescription, and “street” drugs.

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2
Q

Drug

A

A chemical that interacts with a living organism and alters its activity.

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3
Q

Chemical name (of a drug)

A

The exact description of the drug’s chemical composition and molecular structure.

Ex: 2-(p-isobutylphenyl) propionic acid

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4
Q

Generic (nonproprietary) name

A

Similar to the chemical name, but simpler. It’s also the official name assigned by the United States Adopted Name (USAN) Council.

Ex: ibuprofen is both a generic and official name.

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5
Q

Brand (trade or proprietary name)

A

Name given to a drug by a manufacturer so that it is easily recognizable. Different manufacturers of the same medication may give the medication different brand names.

EX: Advil, Nuprin, and Motrin

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6
Q

Prescription Drugs

A

Require a written order from a healthcare provider who is licensed by the state to prescribe or dispense drugs.

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7
Q

Nonprescription or over-the-counter (OTC)

A

Drugs that may be purchased without a prescription and are assumed to be safe for the general population if consumers follow the manufacturer’s directions.

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8
Q

United States Pharmacopoeia (USP)

A

Directory of drugs approved by the FDA lists the physical and chemical composition of each drug.

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9
Q

National Formulary (United States)

A

Identifies the therapeutic value of drugs as well as their formulas and prescriptions.

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10
Q

Nursing Drug Handbooks

A

Serve as a quick resource for information (e.g., dosage, side effects) and nursing interventions associated with a drug

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11
Q

Physician’s Desk Reference (PDR)

A

Book commercially compiled by the pharmaceutical companies, lists manufactures’ prescribing information and is a standard resource for professionals prescribing and administering medication. It is updated annually and is the same information found in drug packet inserts.

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12
Q

Pharmacology Texts

A

Provides more information about physiology and pathophysiology, and provides broader information, than the drug formulary or a handbook.

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13
Q

Pharmacists

A

A clinical pharmacist can assist you with medication-related concerns (e.g. dosage calculations, compatibility, admixture administration, and adverse reactions)

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14
Q

Medication Package Inserts

A

Insert packaged with most medications that provides information identical to that found in the drug formulary.

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15
Q

Medicinal products NOT regulated by the FDA

A

Herbal remedies and some naturopathic supplements that are considered “food products”

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16
Q

Controlled Substances

A

Drugs considered to have either limited medical use or high potential for abuse or addiction.
It is illegal to possess a controlled substance w/o a valid prescription.

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17
Q

Double locking

A

Process in which locked drawers are within a second locked area

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18
Q

Stock supply or Bulk Quantity

A

Medications used most frequently, that are labeled, and in a central location (e.g. acetaminophen elixir and cough syrups).
Cost-effective

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19
Q

PRN

A

“give according to patient need”

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20
Q

Unit dose

A

The prescribed amount of drug the patient receives at a single time.

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21
Q

Automated dispensing system

A

Computerized system similar to a unit-dose system.

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22
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

Refers to the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of a drug.

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23
Q

Absorption

A

Refers to the movement of the drug from the site of administration into the bloodstream.
-Absorption determines when a drug becomes available to exert its action; thus absorption influences metabolism and excretion

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24
Q

Factors that affect drug absorption:

A
  • Route of administration
  • Solubility of the drug
  • Effects of pH and Ionization
  • Blood flow to the area
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25
Q

Local effects

A

Effect of drug occurs at the site of application

26
Q

Systemic Effect

A

Drug must be absorbed into the bloodstream before it can be distributed to a distant location

27
Q

Capsule

A

A gelatinous container that holds the liquid, powder, or oil form of the drug. When swallowed, the gelatin container dissolves in the gastric juices.

28
Q

Pill

A

This term is rarely used now. Tablet is the preferred term

29
Q

Tablet

A

A powdered drug is compressed into a hard, compact form that is easy to swallow and then breaks into a fine powder in the stomach. It is the most common oral preparation.

30
Q

Time-released tablet or capsule

A

A tablet or capsule formulated so that it does not dissolve all at once, but gradually releases medication over a few hours

31
Q

Elixir

A

A liquid containing water and about 25% alcohol that is sweetened with volatile oils; not as sticky or as sweet as syrups

32
Q

Extract

A

A very concentrated form of a drug made from animals or vegetables; may be a syrupy liquid or a powder

33
Q

Fluid extract

A

An alcohol-based solution of a drug from a vegetable source; the most concentrated of the fluid preparations

34
Q

Spirits

A

A concentrated alcohol-based solution of a volatile (easily evaporated) substance or oil; contains larger amounts of the substance than can be dissolved in water

35
Q

Advantages of Oral Route

A
  • Convenient
  • Sterility is not needed for oral use
  • Economical
  • Noninvasive, low-risk procedure
  • Easy to administer, good for self-administration
  • Capsule can mask unpleasant taste of a drug
  • Capsule can be time-released
36
Q

Disadvantages of Oral Route

A
  • Unpleasant taste may cause noncompliance
  • May irritate gastric mucosa
  • Patient must be conscious
  • Digestive juices may destroy drug
  • Cannot use if patient has nausea and vomiting or decreased gastric motility
  • Cannot use if patient has difficulty swallowing
  • Potential for aspiration
  • May be harmful to teeth
  • Onset of action is slow
37
Q

Solubility

A

The ability of a medication to be transformed into a liquid form that can be absorbed into the bloodstream

38
Q

Enteric-coated

A

Drugs that have an acid-insoluble coating to keep them form dissolving in the stomach; they disintegrate in the alkaline secretions of the small intestine

39
Q

Enteral Route

A

Drug is given directly into the stomach or intestine (e.g. through a nasogastric or gastrostomy tube

40
Q

Syrup

A

An aqueous solution of sugar, used to disguise unpleasant taste of drugs

41
Q

Tincture

A

An alcohol or water-and-alcohol solution made by extracting potent plants: may also be used externally
(e.g. tincture of iodine)

42
Q

Powder

A

Finely ground drug, usually mixed with a liquid before ingesting

43
Q

Solution

A

Drugs dissolved in a liquid carrier

44
Q

Suspension

A

Drug that are suspended (not completely dissolved) in a liquid. Aqueous suspensions are suspended in water. Never used for IV or intra-arterial routes

45
Q

Sublingual Route

A

Drug is held under the tongue and absorbed across the sublingual mucous membrane

46
Q

Lipid-soluble lozenges (troche)

A

A flat, rounded preparation that dissolves when held in the mouth.

47
Q

Buccal/Transmucosal Administration

A

Medication is held against the mucous membrane of cheek until it is dissolves

48
Q

Topical: Instillations

A

Drug is placed into a body cavity (e.g. urinary bladder, rectum, vagina, ears, nose, eyes)

49
Q

Inhalation Route

A

A device that breaks the drug into finely dispersed particles, which are breathed into the respiratory passages.

50
Q

Aerosols

A

Liquids in very fine particles that can be inhaled into the lungs; they are sprayed under air pressure

51
Q

Intravenous route

A

Drug is injected directly into the vein, either by bolus or slow infusion

52
Q

Intramuscular

A

drug is injected into the muscle mass

53
Q

Subcutaneous Route

A

Drug is ingested into the subcutaneous tissue under the skin

54
Q

Primary solutions

A

Drugs dissolved in a liquid carrier

55
Q

Intradermal Route

A

Drug is injected under the skin, into the dermis. Most commonly used for diagnostic testing or screening or for injecting local anesthetic

56
Q

Intraspinal

A

Injection of drug into the spinal canal

57
Q

Intrathecal

A

Injection of drug into the subarachnoid space around the spinal cord

58
Q

Epidural

A

Injection of drug for regional anesthesia

59
Q

Water-soluble drugs

A

Drugs must be water soluble in order to dissolve in the aqueous contents of the GI tract

60
Q

Lipid-soluble drugs

A

Drugs that can penetrate lipid-rich cell membranes and enter the cell

61
Q

pH

A
  • Relative acidity or alkalinity
  • Acidic medication (e.g. aspirin) that are more readily absorbed in the stomach than basic (alkaline) medications (sodium bicarbonate) which are readily absorbed in the alkaline small intestine
62
Q

Ionized

A

Electrically charged

Nursing Lecture (20 decks)

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