Ch. 23 Flashcards
Ninety-Five Theses
Published by Martin Luther. Described his issues with the church’s teachings
Martin Luther
Started Protestant reformation by going against the Catholic Church
Henry VIII
Pope wouldn’t let him divorce his wife so he and all of England left the Catholic Church
Missionary
Traveling priest like people who spread religious teachings
Council of Trent
Assembly of cardinals, bishops and other high officials to discuss doctrines and reforms
Society of Jesus
An advanced education to become Jesuit priests
Thirty Years War
Started from religious wars and turned into continental conflict
Treaty of Westphalia
Led to the ending of the thirty years war which was worked on by almost all European states
Protestant
Branch of Christianity that broke away under the influence of Martin Luther
Charles V
Made the Spanish Inquisition detect any religious acts other then Catholicism and flush them out
Spanish Inquisition
Intention was to push out those who practiced religions like Judaism and Islam
Glorious Revolution
Decision to have King and Parliament working together to rule states
Louis XIV
Built his Palace in Versailles with his other nobles to watch everyone and make himself the central part of ruling
Peter I
Romanov Tsar who traveled to Europe and adopted many aspects of the culture such as strong military
Versailles
Location of King Louis Palace outside of Paris
St. Petersburg
Seaport opened by Peter I to hold his navy and serve the city
Catherine II
Worked toward social reform in Russia, but it ended when it challenged her rule
Balance of Power
State rulers kept equal power and anyone who became too powerful turned into an enemy of the rest
Capitalism
Generated wealth in Europe because it allowed for more individual affairs for businessmen
Adam Smith
Scholar who generated the foundation of Capitalism
Joint Stock Companies
Large trading companies that led to global trading networks being developed
VOC
Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie
The Dutch trading corporation
Putting out system
Raw materials went to the countryside to be developed and sent back to cities
Ptolemaic universe
Earth is the center point with hollow spheres circling it and heaven it’s past the spheres
Copernican universe
Heliocentric. And humans just occupy earth as a planet
Newton
Discovery of gravity and sparked the scientific revolution
Deism
The belief that there is a god but you follow no religious teaching
John Locke
He believed in humans having natural rights
Nicholas Copernicus
Developed the heliocentric model of the universe
John Calvin
Principle part in the development of Calvinism
Kind Philip II
Owned many lower countries and attempted to end the growing Calvinism beliefs
Galileo Galilei
Improved the telescope allowing astronomers to study space
Johannes Kepler
Said planetary orbits are elliptical not circular
Baron de Montesquieu
Came up with the idea of three government branches and checks and balance to monitor them
Voltaire
Discussed the importance of logic
Emilie du Chatelet
Mistress of Voltaire. She explained the scientific works of Galileo
Spanish Armada
A spanish naval fleet sailed in 1588 to attack England
Peace of Westphalia
- Treaty created by the European leaders to end the 30 years war
