Ch. 23 Flashcards
varicocele
enlargement of veins within the loose bag of skin that holds testicles
Round-headed sperm
sperm lack the tip (acrosome)
autosomal recessive form of male infertility (RARE)
Why does female infertility increases with age
older women produce oocytes that have abnormal chromosome # (aneuploid) = spontaneous abortion bc defects are too severe
In vitro fertilization
sperm fertilizes an oocyte in culture dish, works if ovaries and uterus work but uterine tubes are blocked
can only transfer ONE OR TWO embryos at a time
First IVF child
Louise Joy Browne
Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD)
detection of genetic and chromosomal abnormalities prior to implantation to prevent baby from getting disease
1 blastomere removed for testing
Polar Body Analysis
provides genetic info earlier in development, before fertilization
genetics are different in polar bodies
___ reproductive technologies may replace the source of a male or female gamete, aid fertilization, or provide a uterus.
assisted
Individuals and couples who can conceive a child unaided, but for whom conception may take longer than usual are
subfertile; Subfertility occurs when it takes longer than usual to conceive a child.
The inability to conceive a child after a year of frequent intercourse is i
infertility
As a woman ages, her fertility ___, and her risk of pregnancy-related problems ____.
decreases; increases
To test for male infertility, what aspects of fertility can be analyzed?
sperm count, motility, and morphology.
Place the steps involved in in vitro fertilization in the correct sequence.
- oocytes are first collected from an ovary.
- transferred to a culture dish containing chemicals similar to those in the female reproductive tract.
- Sperm can either be added directly to the culture dish or microinjected into the female cell.
- one blastocyst is transferred to the uterus.
In preimplantation genetic diagnosis, what is the source of the DNA used for genetic testing?
a cell from an embryo; a single cell is removed from an 8-cell embryo
In terms of selecting an embryo that does not have a certain recessive disease, sequential polar body analysis is only useful
when the mother is a carrier for the disease; Only women make polar bodies, and if the woman had the disease, both her ovum and her polar body would carry disease alleles. Therefore, the only way polar body analysis is useful is if the mother is heterozygous for the disease allele.
