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ANAT-125 Ch 22 - Heart > CH 22 - Heart > Flashcards

CH 22 - Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Superficial Anatomy

A
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2
Q

Pulmonary Circuit

A

Carries DEOXYGENATED blood to lungs for gas exchange; from right side of the heart to the left side of the lungs w/ pulmonary arteries. Back to the

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3
Q

Pericardial Sac

A

Conical sac of fibrous tissue surrounding the heart and the roots of the great blood vessels

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4
Q

Pericardial Cavity

A

between heart and pericardial sac; contains pericardial fluid

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5
Q

Parietal Pericardium

A

lines pericardial sac

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6
Q

Visceral Paricardium

A

Epicardium, covers the heart

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7
Q

Base

A

Region where the major arteries and veins connect

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8
Q

Apex

A

tip of the heart

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9
Q

Coronary Sulcus

A

Groove between the aria and the ventricles

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10
Q

Interventricular Sulcus

A

depression between the ventricles

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11
Q

Right Atrium

A

Receives blood from Systemic circuit

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12
Q

Right Ventricle

A

discharges blood from the pulmonary circuit

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13
Q

Left Atrium

A

receives blood from pulmonary circuit

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14
Q

Left Ventricle

A

discharges blood from systemic circuit

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15
Q

Superior Vena Cava

A

Returns blood from upper systemic organs to the right atrium

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16
Q

Inferior Vena Cava

A

Returns blood from lower systemic organs to the right atrium

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17
Q

Pulmonary Trunk

A

carries blood to the lungs from right ventricle

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18
Q

Pulmonary Veins

A

Returns blood from the lungs to the left atrium

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19
Q

Ascending Aorta

A

carries blood to the systemic organs from the left ventricle

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20
Q

Aortic Arch

A

A bend in the aorta that allows vessel to branch to the upper body before descending to the lower body

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21
Q

Ligamentum Arteriosus

A

Remnant of the fetal vascular connection between the pulmonary trunk and the aortic arch

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22
Q

Sectional Anatomy

A
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23
Q

Interventricular Septum

A

heart wall between left and right ventricles

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24
Q

Right Atrioventricular Valve

A

(Tricuspid Valve) controls movement of blood between the right atrium and right ventricle
1st “Lubb” sound when closing

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25
Q

Pulmonary Semilunar valve

A

controls movement of blood between the right ventricle and the pulmonary circuit
2nd “Dupp” sound when closing

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26
Q

Left Atrioventricular Valve

A

(Bicuspid valve, mitral valve)
controls movement of blood between the left ventricle and the left atrium

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27
Q

Aortic semilunar Valve

A

controls movement of blood between the left ventricle and the systemic circuit

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28
Q

Chordae Tendinae

A

Tendonous fibers that grab the cusps of the atrioventricular valves

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29
Q

Papillary muscles

A

Cardiac muscle that connects to the Chordae Tindinae

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30
Q

Trabeculae Carne

A

Deep grooves and folds in the ventricles

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31
Q

Fosa Ovale

A

Remnant of the fetal opening between right and left atria

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32
Q

Fetal heart and circulation

A
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33
Q

Foramen Ovale

A

Opening between right and left atria

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34
Q

Ductus Atreriosus

A

Vascular connection between pulmonary trunk and aortic arch

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35
Q

Ligamentum Ateriosus

A

Rement of the fetal vascular connection between pulmonary trunk and aortic arch

36
Q

Umbilical Artery

A

carries oxygen poor blood(deoxygenated) from the fetal internal illiac arteries to the placenta of the mother

37
Q

Umbilical Vein

A

Carries oxygen rich blood (oxygenated) from the placenta of the mother to the inferior Vena Cava of the fetus

38
Q

Placenta

A

contains two parallel and separate blood capillary networks.
1 - connects to the mother
2 - connects to the fetus

39
Q

Coronary Circulation

A
40
Q

Coronary Arteries

A

originate at the base of the ascending Aorta

41
Q

Right Coronary Artery

A

Follows Coronary Sulcus

42
Q

Right Marginal Artieries

A

Extends along right border

43
Q

Posterior Descending Artery

A

Within the posterior interventricular sulcus

44
Q

Left Coronary Artery

A

follows coronary sulcus

45
Q

Anterior Descending Artery

A

within the anterior interventricular sulcus

46
Q

Circumflex artery

A

follows coronary sulcus; fuses with the right coronary artery

47
Q

Left Marginal Artery

A

(Obtuse)
extends along left border

48
Q

Right Posterolateral Artery

A

extends posterior, lateral to the posterior interventricular sulcus

49
Q

Coronary Veins

A

(Cardiac Viens)
most empty into the coronary sinus and then the right atrium

50
Q

Anterior Cardiac Veins

A

Adjacent to right marginal arteries anteriorly, empty directly into the right atrium anteriorly

51
Q

Right marginal Cardiac Vein

A

adjacent to the right border of the right ventricle; either connects to the small cardiac vein or empties directly into the lateral right atrium

52
Q

Small Cardiac Vein

A

between the right atrium and ventricle posteriorly; empties into the coronary sinus

53
Q

Posterior Descending Vein

A

(Middle Cardiac Vein)
Adjacent to posterior descending arteries

54
Q

Great Cardiac Vein

A

Adjacent to anterior descending arteries, empties into the coronary sinus

55
Q

Left Marginal Cardiac Vein

A

Extends along left border adjacent to left marginal (obtuse) artery

56
Q

Posterior Cardiac Vein

A

Adjacent to posteriorolateral artery

57
Q

Coronary Sinus

A

in posterior coronary sulcus; empties into the right atrium

58
Q

Heart Wall

A
59
Q

Epicardium

A

(Visceral Pericardium)
Covers exterior to heart
consists of a mesothelial (Simple Squamous) and connective tissue layer

60
Q

Myocardium

A

Muscular wall of the heart
contains cardiac muscle, connective tissue, blood vessel, nerves

61
Q

Endocardium

A

Covers interior of heart
Consists of an endothelial (simple squamous) layer

62
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A
63
Q

Cardiac Muscle Cell

A

Short cells with single nuclei

64
Q

Intercalated disc

A

Sites of membrane bonding at ends of adjacent cardiac muscle cells

65
Q

Endomysium

A

Fibrous connective tissue connecting cardiac muscle cells together side by side

66
Q

Cardiac Pumping and muscle contraction

A
67
Q

Heart as a pump

A
68
Q

Cardiac cycle

A

Period between one heart beat and the next
Blood moves from one chamber to the next when the pressure in the first chamber exceeds that in the second

69
Q

Atrial Relaxation

A

Causes a decrease in atrial pressures
As the atrial pressures become less than the venous pressures, blood moves from the veins to the atria

70
Q

Ventricular Relaxation (Diastole)

A

Causes rapid decrease in ventricular pressure
Semilunar valve closes when the ventricular pressure becomes less than atrial pressure
–> The Atrioventricular valves open and blood moves from the atria to the ventricles.
Diastolic pressure differences between the atria and the ventricles causes about 70% of ventricular filling

71
Q

Atrial Contraction

A

Causes rapid increase in atrial pressure
The atrial pressure increases –> more blood moves from the atria to the ventricles

72
Q

Ventricular Contraction (Systole)

A

Causes rapid increase in ventricular pressure
The ventricular pressure more than arterial pressures –> the semilunar valves open and blood moves to the arteries.
–> Atrioventricular valves close

73
Q

Coordination of Cardiac muscle Contraction

A

Atria must contract from the appendages toward Av Valves
Ventricles must contract from the apex toward semilunar valves
Contraction coordinated by specialized cells

74
Q

Nodal Cells

A

membranes depolarize spontaneously and cyclically
Pacemaker cells - cycle the fastest

75
Q

Sinoatrial Node (SA Node)

A

(Node)
In posterior wall of right atrium
–> produces intrinsically ~80-100 action potential p/m

76
Q

Atrioventricular Node (AV Node)

A

(Node)
In flood of right artium near ventricle –> produces intrinsically ~40-60 action potential p/m

77
Q

Conduction Fibers

A

(Fiber)
In the atrial wall connected with the AV Node

78
Q

AV Bundle

A

(Bundle)
Travels along interventricular septum

79
Q

Bundle Branches

A

(Bundle)
Travels along Interventricular septum and radiate across inner surface of the right and left ventricles

80
Q

Purkinje Fibers

A

(Fiber)
Branches to contractile cells

81
Q

Conduction Pathway

A

(Pathway)
SA Node -> Atrial conduction fibers -> AV Node -> AV Bundle -> bundle branches -> purkinje fibers

82
Q

Electrocardiogram (EKG)

A

Measures electro-activity of the heart

83
Q

P-Wave

A

(Electrocardiogram wave)
Depolarization of the Atria

84
Q

QRS Complex

A

(Electrocardiogram wave)
Depolarization of the ventricles

85
Q

T-Wave

A

(Electrocardiogram wave)
Repolarization of the ventricles

86
Q

PR -interval

A

(Electrocardiogram wave)
Prolonged by damage to conduction system or AV Node

87
Q

QT Interval

A

(Electrocardiogram wave)
Prolonged damage to conduction system, ischemia, or myocardial damage

ANAT-125 Ch 22 - Heart (4 decks)

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