Ch 22 Flashcards
1st function of the respiratory system
extensive gas exchange surface area between air and circulating blood
2nd function of the respiratory system
moves air to/from lungs
3rd function of the respiratory system
protects respiratory surfaces from outside environment
4th function of the respiratory system
produces sounds
5th function of the respiratory system
participates in olfactory sense
conducting zone
- nasal cavity to terminal bronchioles
- functional division of the respiratory tract
respiratory zone
- respiratory bronchioles and alveoli
- functional division of the respiratory tract
upper respiratory system
- above the larynx
- physical division of the respiratory system
lower respiratory system
- below the larynx
- physical division of the respiratory system
external nares
nostrils
nasal vestibule
space contained within flexible tissues of the nose; contains nasal hairs
nasal hairs
first particle filtration system (dust, pollen, etc)
nasal septum
divides nasal cavity
nasal cavity
superior portion is the olfactory region
pharynx
- throat
- shared by digestive and respiratory systems
nasopharynx
- superior portion of pharynx
- contains pharyngeal tonsils
- ONLY for air (closed by uvula and soft palate when swallowing)
oropharynx
- middle portion of pharynx
- built for food and air passage
- posterior of mouth
laryngopharynx
- inferior portion of pharynx
- extends from hyoid bone to entrance of larynx and esophagus
larynx
- voice box
- air flow
- cartilaginous structure that surrounds and protects the glottis and vocal cords
- sound production
sound production
air passes through glottis and vibrates vocal cords
epiglottis
elastic cartilage; blocks lower respiratory passages during swallowing
air flow
- from pharynx to larynx
trachea
- windpipe
- branches into right and left pulmonary bronchi
lungs
each in a pleural cavity
base
inferior portion of each lung rests on the diaphragm
lobes
lungs have lobes separated by deep fissures
right lung
- three lobes
- wider
- displaced upward by liver
left lung
- two lobes
- longer
- displaced leftward by the heart
cardiac notch
left lung displaced leftward by the heart
bronchial tree
formed by the primary bronchi and its branches, then into bronchioles
bronchitis
- inflammation of bronchial walls
- causes constriction and breathing difficulty
alveolar ducts and alveoli
respiratory bronchioles use alveolar ducts to connect to alveoli grouped in alveolar sacs
pulmonary embolism
pulmonary vessels are easily blocked by blood clots, fat, or air bubbles
external respiration
exchanging O2 and CO2 with the environment
- pulmonary ventilation (breathing), gas exchange in lungs, transportation of gases in the blood stream
internal respiration
uptake of O2 and release of CO2 by cells within the body
inspiration
inhalation
expiration
exhalation
1st needed for gas exchange
partial pressures of the gases
2nd needed for gas exchange
diffusion of molecules between gas and liquid
3rd needed for gas exchange
occurs in response to concentration gradients
partial pressures
pressure contributed by each gas in the atmosphere
