Ch 19-20 Vocab 1 Flashcards
pulmonary cricuit
blood flow to and from the lungs
systemic circuit
blood flow to and from virtually all of the tissues of the body
arteries
blood vessel that conducts blood away from the heart; may be a conducting or distributing vessel
veins
blood vessel that conducts blood toward the heart
capillaries
smallest of blood vessels where physical exchange occurs between the blood and tissue cells surrounded by interstitial fluid
atria
upper or receiving chamber of the heart that pumps blood into the lower chambers just prior to their contraction
- the right atrium receives blood from the systemic circuit that flows into the ventricle
- the left atrium receives blood from the pulmonary circuit that flows into the left ventricle
ventricle
one of the primary pumping chambers of the heart located in the lower portion of the heart
- left ventricle is the chamber on the lower left side of the heart that ejects blood into the systemic circuit via the aorta and receives blood from the left atrium
- the right ventricle is the chamber on the lower right side of the heart that ejects blood into the pulmonary circuit via the pulmonary trunk and receives blood from the right atrium
pericardium
- membrane that separates the heart from other mediastinal structures
- consists of two distinct, fused sublayers: the fibrous pericardium and the parietal pericardium
- pericardial sac
epicardium
innermost layer of the serous pericardium and the outermost layer of the heart wall
myocardium
thickest layer of the heart composed of cardiac muscle cells built upon a framework of primarily collagenous fibers and blood vessels that supply it and the nervous fibers that help regulate it
endocardium
innermost layer of the heart lining the chambers and valves
- composed of endothelium reinforced with a thin layer of connective tissue that binds to the myocardium
interatrial septum
cardiac septum located between the two atria
- contains the fossa ovalis after birth
interventricular septum
cardiac septum located between the two ventricles
superior vena cava
large systemic vein that returns blood to the heart from the superior portion of the body
- large systemic vein
- drains blood from most areas superior to the diaphragm
- empties into the right atrium
inferior vena cava
large systemic vein that returns blood to the heart from the inferior portion of the body
- large systemic vein that drains blood from areas largely inferior to the diaphragm
- empties into the right atrium
coronary sinus
large, thin-walled vein on the posterior surface of the heart that lies within the atrioventricular sulcus and drains the heart myocardium directly into the right atrium
tricuspid valve
term used most often in clinical settings for the right atrioventricular valve
- valve located between the right atrium and ventricle
- consists of three flaps of tissue
mitral valve
- valve located between the left atrium and ventricle
- consists of two flaps of tissue
- bicuspid valve
- left atrioventricular valve
chordae tendineae
string-like extensions of tough connective tissue that extend from the flaps of the atrioventricular valves to the papillary muscles
papillary muscles
extensions of the myocardium in the ventricles to which the chordae tendineae attach
semilunar valves
valves located at the base of the pulmonary trunk and at the base of the aorta
pulmonary trunk
large arterial vessel that carries blood ejected from the right ventricle
- divides into the left and right pulmonary artieries
- single large vessel exiting the right ventricle that divides to form the right and left pulmonary arteries
coronary circulation
circulation of blood in the arteries and veins which supply the heart muscle
- arteries supply oxygenated blood and veins carry away deoxygenated blood
coronary arteries
branches of the ascending aorta that supply blood to the heart
- the left coronary artery feeds the left side of the heart, the left atrium and ventricle, and the interventricular septum
- the right coronary artery feeds the right atrium, portions of both ventricles, and the heart conduction system
