Ch 19-20 Vocab 1

Question 1

pulmonary cricuit

Answer 1

blood flow to and from the lungs

Question 2

systemic circuit

Answer 2

blood flow to and from virtually all of the tissues of the body

Question 3

arteries

Answer 3

blood vessel that conducts blood away from the heart; may be a conducting or distributing vessel

Question 4

veins

Answer 4

blood vessel that conducts blood toward the heart

Question 5

capillaries

Answer 5

smallest of blood vessels where physical exchange occurs between the blood and tissue cells surrounded by interstitial fluid

Question 6

atria

Answer 6

upper or receiving chamber of the heart that pumps blood into the lower chambers just prior to their contraction
- the right atrium receives blood from the systemic circuit that flows into the ventricle
- the left atrium receives blood from the pulmonary circuit that flows into the left ventricle

Question 7

ventricle

Answer 7

one of the primary pumping chambers of the heart located in the lower portion of the heart
- left ventricle is the chamber on the lower left side of the heart that ejects blood into the systemic circuit via the aorta and receives blood from the left atrium
- the right ventricle is the chamber on the lower right side of the heart that ejects blood into the pulmonary circuit via the pulmonary trunk and receives blood from the right atrium

Question 8

pericardium

Answer 8

• membrane that separates the heart from other mediastinal structures
• consists of two distinct, fused sublayers: the fibrous pericardium and the parietal pericardium
• pericardial sac

Question 9

epicardium

Answer 9

innermost layer of the serous pericardium and the outermost layer of the heart wall

Question 10

myocardium

Answer 10

thickest layer of the heart composed of cardiac muscle cells built upon a framework of primarily collagenous fibers and blood vessels that supply it and the nervous fibers that help regulate it

Question 11

endocardium

Answer 11

innermost layer of the heart lining the chambers and valves
- composed of endothelium reinforced with a thin layer of connective tissue that binds to the myocardium

Question 12

interatrial septum

Answer 12

cardiac septum located between the two atria
- contains the fossa ovalis after birth

Question 13

interventricular septum

Answer 13

cardiac septum located between the two ventricles

Question 14

superior vena cava

Answer 14

large systemic vein that returns blood to the heart from the superior portion of the body
- large systemic vein
- drains blood from most areas superior to the diaphragm
- empties into the right atrium

Question 15

inferior vena cava

Answer 15

large systemic vein that returns blood to the heart from the inferior portion of the body
- large systemic vein that drains blood from areas largely inferior to the diaphragm
- empties into the right atrium

Question 16

coronary sinus

Answer 16

large, thin-walled vein on the posterior surface of the heart that lies within the atrioventricular sulcus and drains the heart myocardium directly into the right atrium

Question 17

tricuspid valve

Answer 17

term used most often in clinical settings for the right atrioventricular valve
- valve located between the right atrium and ventricle
- consists of three flaps of tissue

Question 18

mitral valve

Answer 18

• valve located between the left atrium and ventricle
• consists of two flaps of tissue
• bicuspid valve
• left atrioventricular valve

Question 19

chordae tendineae

Answer 19

string-like extensions of tough connective tissue that extend from the flaps of the atrioventricular valves to the papillary muscles

Question 20

papillary muscles

Answer 20

extensions of the myocardium in the ventricles to which the chordae tendineae attach

Question 21

semilunar valves

Answer 21

valves located at the base of the pulmonary trunk and at the base of the aorta

Question 22

pulmonary trunk

Answer 22

large arterial vessel that carries blood ejected from the right ventricle
- divides into the left and right pulmonary artieries
- single large vessel exiting the right ventricle that divides to form the right and left pulmonary arteries

Question 23

coronary circulation

Answer 23

circulation of blood in the arteries and veins which supply the heart muscle
- arteries supply oxygenated blood and veins carry away deoxygenated blood

Question 24

coronary arteries

Answer 24

branches of the ascending aorta that supply blood to the heart
- the left coronary artery feeds the left side of the heart, the left atrium and ventricle, and the interventricular septum
- the right coronary artery feeds the right atrium, portions of both ventricles, and the heart conduction system