Ch 21- Lymphatic and Immune System Flashcards
Immune system
-not an organ system
-cell population that inhabits all organs and defends the body from diseases
-especially the lymphatic system
lymphatic functions
-Fluid recovery (filtration through blood)
-immunity (excess fluid picks up foreign cells)
-lipid absorption - lacteals in small intestine absorb dietary lipids that arent absorbed by the blood capillaries
lymphatic capillaries two collecting ducts
Right L duct- receives lymph from right arm, right side of head, thorax, and empties into right subclavian
-thoracic duct- pretty much everything else and empties into left subclavian
T lymphocytes (T cells)
-born in red bone marrow
-mature in thymus
-carry out immune function
types:
-helper -promote, apc, MHC-11, secretes interleukins, activates NK, C Tc cell, memory cells develop
-cytotoxic - attacks, MCH-1, nucleated
-regulatorB- limits immune response
-memory T- for next interaction
-once mature, T cells recognize antigens presented to them by ACP
B lymphocytes (B cells) and its types
-produce antibodies
-develop in red bone marrow
macrophages
-very important cell
- cell eating (phagocytes)
-become antigen presenting cells to help with T cells
Red bone marrow
-involved in hematopoiesis (blood formation) and immunity
-soft, loosely organized
thymus
-houses developing lymphocytes
-regulates hormone activity
Types of immunity: 1st line defense
-skin and mucous membranes
-innate (non specific, born with) immunity
-local effect, lacks memory
-NK cells, macrophages
Types of immunity: 2nd line defense
-several innate defense mechanisms
-innate (non specific, born with immunity)
-local effect, lacks memory
-inflammation; fever; complement; macrophages, NK cells
Types of immunity: 3rd line defense
-adaptive (specific)
-b cells, plasma memory b cells, t-cells-helper T, cytotoxic T, regulator T, and memory T
-defeats pathogen then memorizes it for next time to defeat easier
interferons
-secreted by certain cells infected by viruses
-activates NK and macrophages
fever
abnormal increase in body temp
-promotes interferon
-elevated metabolic rate
-inhibits reproduction of bacteria and viruses
inflammation and its processes
-local defense response to tissue infection
-limits pathogens and kills them
-redness, swelling, hot, pain
processes:
-mobilization of body defense
- destruction of pathogens
-tissue clean up and repair
forms of immunity between adaptive and innate
-systemic effect- throughout the body
-specificity- immunity directed at specific pathogen
-memory- when re exposed, body reacts quickly from memory
antigen
-molecule that triggers immune response
APCS (antigen presenting cells) made up of and function
Made up of:
-dentritic cells- branched mobile
-reticular- branch stationary
-macrophages- turn into
-B cells
-depend on MHC
function:
-act as identification tags and label every cell
-unique for every individual besides twins
APC processing
-APC encounters antigen
-digests it
-grooves of MHC
-T cells inspect APC for displayed antigens
-If apc display self, T disregards
-if apc displays non-self, t cells initiate immune attack
hypersensitivity and Type 1
an excessive immune reaction against antigens that most people tolerate (eg allergies)
autoimmunity- reaction from self
allioimmunity- eaction from
-Type I acute- immediate rapid response (eg asthma)
autoimmune disease
-immune system failing to react
-cannot distinguish self antigens from foreign
anaphylaxis
sudden life threatening allergic reaction involving the whole body
Natural killer Cell
-attack and destroy bacteria
-host cells infected with virus or that have turned cancerous
-perforins form a hole
-granzymes go in hole
-enemy cell is
-macrophage engulfs
role of helper T cell
non specific- macrophage activity
humoral- clonal selection B cells
cellular- clonal selection Tc cells
immunodeficiency disease
-Severe combined immunodeficiency disease: lack of T and B cells
-AIDS: destruction of T cells from HIV
