Ch 18- Circulatory system: Blood Flashcards
Cardiovascular system consists of
-blood
-heart
-blood vessels and circulation
red blood cells are also called what?
-erythrocytes
-they have no nucleus so they can’t reproduce
-disc shape
function of the blood
-restricts fluid loss (clotting)
-contains white blood cells to protect against disease
-regulates the body temp
-transports hormones and enzymes
-regulate water and pH balance
respiratory function of the blood
transport oxygen to cells throughout the body and remove carbon dioxide from the body
blood pH and adult volume
average of 7.4
5 average
what does venipuncture mean
withdrawing blood
why do we draw from the veins
-superficial veins are easier to locate
-vein walls are thinner and therefore easier to penetrate
-blood pressure lower
what is the break down of blood
-55% plasma (92% is made of water and 8% solutes)
-45% formed elements: erythrocytes (RBS- make most of formed elements), leukocytes (WBS) , platelets
-buffy coat- 1% platelets and leukocytes
hematopoiesis
production of the blood
formed elements are formed in
red bone marrow
erythropoiesis (creation of RBC) production
-hematopoietic
–erythrocyte (CFU)
-erythroblast (last stage with nucleus)
-reticulocyte (no nucleus, found in blood)
-erythrocyte (RBC)
function of RBC
-pick up oxygen from lungs and deliver it to tissues (IN)
-pick up carbon dioxide from tissues and unload it in the lungs (OUT)
-deficiency can be fatal
structure of RBC
-disc shape
-large surface for rapid exchange
-can deform to fit through narrow cavities
-no nucleus, no mitochondria= no repair
normal HCT blood occupancy volume
female- 42% (loses in menstruation)
male- 46% (testosterone stimulates RBC production)
anemia
reduction in the oxygen carrying of the RBC
polycythemia
abnormal increase of RBC
sickle cell disease
abdormal shaped RBC from genes
Lifecycle of RBCs – how are they degraded?
-macrophages eat old RBC
-hemoglobin separates into heme and globin
-iron binds with transferrin and also stored to ferritin
-bilirubin converted to urobilinogen and reabsorbed back to blood and coverted to urobilin
agglutination
when same letter bind together (dangerous)
-clumping
antigens are found where? antibodies are found where?
-antigens on RBC (glycolipids)
-antibodies linking to antigens
what are the four blood types
A, B, AB, O (universal donor)
what antigens are on each blood type? what antibodies are on each blood type?
BTA= anti A body B
BTB= anti B body A
BTAB= anti AB body neither
BTO= anti neither body AB
whats the other antigen besides A and B? what does positive and negative mean for blood types?
Rh (also called D antigen)
+= rh present
-= not rh present
what happens if there is clumping in a blood test? what happens if there is no clumping in any? how bout if only clumping in rh?
antigen is present
-o- cause rh isnt present and o has nothing in it
-o+
