ch 21: circulatory system III blood vessels

Question 1

arteries carry blood _______ the heart. veins carry blood ___ the heart

Answer 1

away from;

to

Question 2

what carry blood away from the heart?

Answer 2

arteries

Question 3

what return blood to the heart

Answer 3

veins

Question 4

what connect the smallest arteries to the smallest veins

Answer 4

capillaries

Question 5

how many layers of the blood vessel wall are there?

Answer 5

3

Question 6

what are the layers of the vessel wall?

Answer 6

tunica interna (tunica intima), tunica media, tunica externa (tunica advertitia)

Question 7

what is the layer of endothelium of the vessel wall?

Answer 7

tunica interna (intima)

Question 8

what is the muscle layer of the vessel wall involved in vasoconstriction and vasodilation?

Answer 8

tunica media

Question 9

what layer of the vessel wall is connective tissue?

Answer 9

tunica externa

Question 10

what is a strong, resilient structure that resists high blood pressure?

Answer 10

artery

Question 11

which walls contain more muscles, those of arteries or veins?

Answer 11

arteries

Question 12

what kind of arteries are the largest

Answer 12

conducting (elastic or large)

Question 13

what are smaller artery branches that distribute blood to specific organs?

Answer 13

distributing (muscular or medium)

Question 14

what are the smallest arteries?

Answer 14

resistance arteries

Question 15

what link arterioles with capillaries?

Answer 15

metarterioles

Question 16

what are the arterial sense organs?

Answer 16

carotid sinuses, carotid bodies, and aortic bodies

Question 17

what do arterial sense organs do?

Answer 17

sense BP and blood chemistry

Question 18

which of the arterial sense organs are baroreceptors?

Answer 18

carotid sinuses

Question 19

which of the arterial sense organs are chemoreceptors?

Answer 19

carotid bodies

Question 20

which of the arterial sense organs are chemoreceptors?

Answer 20

aortic bodies

Question 21

what are capillaries composed of?

Answer 21

only endothelium and a basement membrane

Question 22

what allows nutrients, wastes, and hormones to be passed between the blood and tissue fluids?

Answer 22

capillaries

Question 23

what is a continuous capillary?

Answer 23

capillary with endothelial cells joined by tight junctions, but some intercellular clefts present

Question 24

what is a fenestrated capillary?

Answer 24

capillary with endothelial cells that have filtration pores facilitating exchange

Question 25

what are sinusoids (aka discontinous capillaries)?

Answer 25

irregular, tortous passages with wide gaps between endothelial cells

Question 26

what are the 3 different routes to pass through the capillary walls?

Answer 26

1. intercellular clefts between endothelial cells 2. filtration pores in fenestrates capillaries 3. through the endothelial cell plasma membrane and cytoplasm

Question 27

what are relatively thin-walled and flaccid?

Answer 27

veins

Question 28

what kind of veins are very porous and allow for exchange and are up to 1 mm in diameter?

Answer 28

postcapillary veins

Question 29

what kind of veians are greater than 1 mm in diameter and have smooth muscle in wall?

Answer 29

muscular venules

Question 30

what kind of veins are up to 10 mm in diameter, are individually named, and contain valves?

Answer 30

medium veins

Question 31

what kind of veins have large lumens, very thin walls, and no smooth muscle?

Answer 31

venous sinuses

Question 32

what kind of veins have diameter greater than 10 mm and have smooth muscle in all tunics?

Answer 32

large veins

Question 33

what is the ciculatory route of blood

Answer 33

heart thru arteries, to tissues via capillariea, and then back to the heart thru veins

Question 34

in a portal system, blood flows thru how many capillary beds before returning to the heart?

Answer 34

two

Question 35

where to anastomoses occur?

Answer 35

where veins or arteries merge without capillaries

Question 36

what is arteriovenous anastomosis?

Answer 36

blood does not pass through capillary system

Question 37

what is arterial anastomoese

Answer 37

redundant route to get blood to region

Question 38

what is venous anastomoes

Answer 38

alternate route to remove blood

Question 39

what is the pulmonary circuit?

Answer 39

flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back again for the purpose of gas exchange

Question 40

what supplies oxygen and nutrients to all the organs and removes their metabolic waste

Answer 40

systemic circulation

Question 41

where do all systemic arteries arise from?

Answer 41

the aorta

Question 42

what rises from the left ventricle and gives off the coronary arteries

Answer 42

ascending aorta

Question 43

what does the aortic arch consist of?

Answer 43

brachiocephalic trunk left common carotid artery left subclavian artery

Question 44

the descending aorta is called the _____ aorta above the diaphram and the _____ aorta below it.

Answer 44

thoracic; abdominal

Question 45

the descending aorta forks to what?

Answer 45

the right and left common iliac arteries

Question 46

where does the right common carotid branch from?

Answer 46

the brachiocephalic trunk

Question 47

what does the left common carotid branch off of?

Answer 47

the aortic arch

Question 48

where does the vertebral arteries arise from?

Answer 48

the subclavian arteries

Question 49

where do the dural venous sinuses flow to?

Answer 49

the internal jugular vein

Question 50

blood from the head and neck is drained by the _____, ______, and ____, all of which empty into the ______.

Answer 50

internal jugular, external jugular, vertebral veins; subclavian vein

Question 51

where does the thoracic aorta begin and end?

Answer 51

begins distally to the aortic arch and ends at the aortic hiatus in the diaphragm

Question 52

what supply structures of the chest?

Answer 52

bronchial, esophageal, and mediastinal arteries

Question 53

what are the veins of the thorax?

Answer 53

subclavian and brachiocephalic veins and the superior vena cava

Question 54

what does the arterial supply to the abdomen and pelvic region include?

Answer 54

celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, renal arteries, ovarian and testicular arteries, inferior mesenteric artery, 2 common ilicac arteries (internal and external iliac arteries)

Question 55

what are the veins of the abdomen and pelvic region?

Answer 55

inferior vena cava and hepatic portal system

Question 56

what are the arteries of the upper limb?

Answer 56

subclavian artery, axillary artery, brachial artery, radial and ulnar arteries

Question 57

what are the veins of the upper limb?

Answer 57

subclavian v, axillary v, cephalic v, basilic v, brachial v, radial vv and ulnar vv, and venous palmar arches.

Question 58

radial and ulnar veins are _____ (deep or superficial?) and give rise to the ____ veins

Answer 58

deep; brachial

Question 59

____ veins converge before they join the axillary vein

Answer 59

brachial

Question 60

axillary vein becomes the ____ vein at the lateral margin of the ____ rib

Answer 60

subclavain; first

Question 61

what are the unpaired arteries of the abdomen/pelvic region?

Answer 61

celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery

Question 62

what are the paired arteries of the abdomen/pelvic region?

Answer 62

renal arteries, ovarian and testicular arteries, and two common iliac arteries (internal and external iliac arteries)

Question 63

what are examples of portal systems, in which blood flows through two capillary beds before returning to the heart?

Answer 63

kidneys, connection of hypothalamus and pituitary, and connection of intestines to liver

Question 64

are the dorsal venous arch and cephalic veins of the upper limb superficial or deep?

Answer 64

superficial

Question 65

are the radial and ulnar veins superficial or deep?

Answer 65

deep

Question 66

radial and ulnar veins give ride to the _____ veins.

Answer 66

brachial

Question 67

what is the pathways of arteries of the lower limb?

Answer 67

common iliac arteries branch to the interal and external iliac arteries and the femoral artery. femoral artery branches to the anterior and posterior tibial arteries

Question 68

what vein is formed by the convergence of the femoral and great saphenous veins?

Answer 68

external vein

Question 69

what vein empties into the inferior vena cava?

Answer 69

iliac vein

Question 70

what two things close at birth or shortly after when lungs are functional?

Answer 70

foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus

Question 71

what is a shunt that bypasses the fetal liver

Answer 71

ductus venosus

Question 72

after birth, the ____ _____ constricts and blood flows through the liver.

Answer 72

ductus venosus

Question 73

the ______ ________ is a remnant of the fetal passageway

Answer 73

ligamentum venosum

Question 74

what is the most common vascular disease and is one that can lead to heart failure, stroke, or renal failure?

Answer 74

atherosclerosis

Question 75

true or false: as the vascular system ages, vasomotor responses to changes in blood pressure are more efficient

Answer 75

FALSO> vasomotor responses to changes in blood pressure are LESS EFFECIENT