Ch 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, & 26 Flashcards
(202 cards)
1
Q
The body has a defense mechanism, known as the ——, to fight off invasion by foreign substances.
A
Immune system
2
Q
Foreign substances, called — (including a specific type of antigen called —), are recognized by the cells of the immune system and eventually destroyed.
A
-antigens
-allergens
3
Q
Where can an antigen enter the body?
A
-through the skin
-the gastrointestinal tract
-the respiratory tract
4
Q
When an antigen enters the body, it sets off an —— in which the immune system detects the antigen and produces —.
A
-immune response
-antibodies
5
Q
— are proteins that search for the antigen, combine with it, and help to destroy it.
A
Antibodies
6
Q
although most allergens are harmless and common to most individuals, they can cause an abnormal response by the immune system known as an ——.
A
Allergic reaction
7
Q
A life threatening allergic reaction is known as an —— or —.
A
Anaphylactic reaction or anaphylaxis
8
Q
What is the antibody called that is produced specifically to anaphylaxis?
A
Immunoglobulin E (IgE)
9
Q
When the antibody immunoglobulin E is released due to anaphylaxis, this reaction can be referred to as ———.
A
IgE mediated anaphylactic reaction
10
Q
What are the life threatening symptoms in an anaphylactic reaction?
A
-bronchoconstriction
-increased capillary permeability
-vasodilation
11
Q
When a person is first exposed to a specific antigen, a condition known as — develops, which means that at some subsequent time, when the person is again exposed to that same antigen and IgE antibodies are present, an anaphylactic reaction can occur.
A
Hypersensitivity
12
Q
This process of developing hypersensitivity on first exposure to an antigen is known as — and produces an IgE mediated anaphylactic reaction.
A
Sensitization
13
Q
The primary chemical mediator released from mast cells and basophils is —.
A
Histamine
14
Q
What does histamine cause?
A
-bronchoconstriction
-vasodilation
-increase in capillary permeability
15
Q
When chemical mediators are released from the mast cells and basophils the first time the antigen is introduced into the body with no sensitization it is referred to as an —— or ———
A
-anaphalactoid reaction
-non IgE mediated reaction
16
Q
what are the routes that an antigen can enter the body?
A
-injection (bites, stings, needles)
-ingestion (swallows the substance)
-inhalation (breathes substance in)
-contact (absorption through skin)
17
Q
What is the most common medication that causes anaphylactic reactions?
A
Penicillin
18
Q
What are some causes of anaphylactic reactions?
A
-Hymenoptera (insect bites)
-venom (bites, stings)
-foods
-pollen
-medications
-exercise (foods have been ingested close to time of exercise)
-weather conditions
-latex
19
Q
Define malaise
A
Generalized feeling of weakness or discomfort
20
Q
—- sound is caused by constriction and inflammation of the lining of the bronchioles.
A
Wheezing
21
Q
What is the placement of a tube in the trachea to facilitate breathing called?
A
Endotracheal intubation
22
Q
— are raised red blotches all over the skin
A
Hives
23
Q
Hives are usually accompanied by ——
A
Severe itching
24
Q
What are some early noticeable signs of anaphylaxis?
A
-rhinitis
-tachycardia
-itching
-hives
-edema
25
What is rhinitis?
Stuffy, itchy, runny nose
26
What symptoms do laryngeal edema cause?
-stridor
-dyspnea
-hoarseness
-tightness in the throat
27
What are some symptoms of increased bronchiole airway resistance?
-wheezing
-rhonchi
-cough
-dyspnea
-tightness in the center of the chest
28
What are some symptoms of cardiovascular collapse and poor perfusion?
-tachycardia
-hypotension
-syncope
29
What are some symptoms or urticaria (hives)?
-pruritus (itching)
-tingling and warmth sensation
-flushing
-redness
30
What are some symptoms of skin edema?
-swelling especially around the eyes, mouth, and extremities
31
What are some symptoms of eye conjunctivitis?
-red and itchy eyes
-increased tears
32
What are the three key categories of signs and symptoms that specifically indicate a severe anaphylactic reaction?
-airway and respiratory compromise (airway occlusion, wheezing or stridor)
-shock (absent or weak pulses, tachycardia)
-gastrointestinal (vomiting, diarrhea)
33
When the lining of the larynx swells, it swells inward, partially occluding the airway and increasing the resistance to airflow, this creates — sounds.
Stridorous
34
About 20% of patients experiencing an anaphylactic reaction have a — ( or late stage) reaction that occurs when initial signs and symptoms resolve, sometimes without treatment if not severe and then, approx 4-6 hours later, a second reaction occurs.
Biphasic
35
What is the drug of choice for the emergency treatment of a systemic allergic reaction to insect bites, stings, foods, drugs, and other antigens?
Epinepherine
36
Epinephrine comes in the form of an ——, which has a spring activated, concealed needle that is designed to deliver a precise dose of epi when activated
Auto injector
37
A — is any substance, liquid, solid, or gas that impairs health or causes death by its chemical action when it enters the body or contacts the skin
Poison
38
— is the study of toxins, antidotes, and the effects of toxins on the body.
Toxicology
39
An — is a substance that neutralizes the effects of the poison or toxic substance
Antidote
40
An —— is a poison that is swallowed and enters the gastrointestinal system
Ingested poison
41
A medication that is occasionally used in emergency medical care of ingested poisonings is ——
Activated charcoal
42
Patients who inhale paints and propellants are commonly referred to as:
Huffers
43
An —— is one that enters the body through a break in the skin, usually by the intentional injection of a drug or by the bite or sting of an animal or insect
Injected poison
44
An —— usually a chemical or substance from a poisonous plant that enters through the skin, generally causes a burn, lesion, or inflammation
Absorbed poison
45
—— is defined as the self administration of drugs in a manner that is not in accord with approved medical or social patterns
Drug abuse
46
A patients — from alcohol or drugs, a period of abstinence from the drug or alcohol to which the body has become accustomed, can be as serious an emergency as an overdose
Withdrawal
47
— typically refers to adolescents who raid their parents or friends medicine cabinets for prescription medications or who fake symptoms to obtain prescription medications
Pharming
48
People with alcoholism are prone to injuries and medical conditions, for example they often fall and are prone to chronic — hematomas
Subdural
49
An — is any natural, synthetic, or semisynthetic agent that mimics that effects of morphine
Opioid
50
— is a synthetic opioid pain reliever that is 50 to 100 times more powerful than morphine
Fentanyl
51
Acute abdominal pain, sometimes called ——, or acute abdominal distress, is a common condition that can be severe
Acute abdomen
52
The abdomen, or ——, is located below the diaphragm and extends to the top of the pelvis
Abdominal cavity
53
The abdominal cavity is lined with the —
Peritoneum
54
It is helpful to reference the abdomen by dividing it into quarters, or quadrants, using the navel, or —, as a central reference point
Umbilicus
55
— organs contain some type of substance that might leak into the abdominal cavity if the organ is perforated or injured
Hollow organs
56
— organs are vascular (contain many vessels and a large amount of blood), some covered in a thick fibrous capsule
Solid organs
57
—— are the large blood vessels found in the abdominal cavity
Vascular structures
58
What is the sac like, stretchable pouch located below the diaphragm that receives food from the esophagus?
Stomach
59
What is the first part of the small intestine that connects to the stomach?
Duodenum
60
What is a tube like structure beginning at the distal end of the stomach and ending at the beginning of the large intestine, absorbs nutrients from intestinal contents?
Small intestine
61
What is a tube like structure beginning at the distal end of the small intestine and ending at the anus?
Large intestine
62
What is the large, solid organ in the RUQ just beneath the diaphragm it’s a slight portion extending to the LUQ, filters nutrients from the blood?
Liver
63
What is the pear shaped sac that lies on the underneath the right side of the liver, holds bile?
Gallbladder
64
What is the elongated, oval, solid organ located in the LUQ behind and to the side of the stomach, aids in the production of blood cells as well as filtering and storage of blood?
Spleen
65
The — is a gland composed of many lobes and ducts located in both the RUQ and LUQ, just behind the stomach, creates insulin
Pancreas
66
The — are paired organs located behind the abdominal wall lining (retroperitoneal) on each side of the spine, excrete urine and regulate water
Kidneys
67
The —— is a saclike structure that acts as a reservoir for the urine received from the kidneys
Urinary bladder
68
What does abdominal pain usually result from?
-mechanical forces (stretching)
-inflammation
-ischemia
69
Abdominal pain can be classified as:
-visceral pain
-parietal (somatic) pain
-referred pain
70
— pain occurs when an abdominal organ is involved
Visceral pain
71
Visceral pain is caused by:
-ischemia
-inflammation
-infection
-mechanical obstruction of an organ
72
— pain, also called — pain, is associated with the irritation of the peritoneal lining
Parietal or somatic
73
— pain is visceral pain from an organ that is not felt in the organ itself but instead is felt elsewhere in the body
Referred
74
Irritation and inflammation of the peritoneum is called —, occurs when blood, pus, bacteria, or chemical substances leak into the peritoneal cavity
Peritonitis
75
— is an inflammation of the appendix that commonly causes an acute abdomen
Appendicitis
76
—, or inflammation of the pancreas, can cause severe pain in the middle of the upper quadrants (epigastric area) of the abdomen
Pancreatitis
77
—, or inflammation of the gallbladder, is commonly associated with the presence of gallstones
Cholecystitis
78
What are some common symptoms of gastrointestinal bleeding?
-hematemesis (vomiting blood)
-hematochezia (bright red blood in stool)
-Melena (dark tarry stools)
79
—— are bulging, engorgement, or weakening of the blood vessels in the lining of the lower part of the esophagus
Esophageal varices
80
—, or inflammation of the stomach and small intestines, is commonly associated with the presence of abdominopelvic pain
Gastroenteritis
81
— are open wounds or sores within the digestive tract, usually in the stomach or the beginning of the small intestine
Ulcers
82
An —— is a blockage that interrupts the normal flow of the intestinal contents within the intestines
Intestinal obstruction
83
A — is a protrusion or thrusting forward of a portion of the intestine through an opening or weakness in the abdominal wall, commonly caused from lifting or straining
Hernia
84
An ———, is a weakened, ballooned, and enlarged area of the wall of the abdominal aorta
Abdominal aortic aneurysm
85
A person with an acute abdomen generally appears ill and assumes a —— with his knees drawn up and his hands clenched over his abdomen
Guarded position
86
An abdominal wall muscle contraction that the patient cannot control, resulting from inflammation of the peritoneum, what is this known as?
Involuntary guarding
87
Involuntary guarding is also referred to as —
Rigidity
88
—— is when the patient contracts the abdominal muscles, usually in anticipation of pain or an unpleasant sensation
Voluntary guarding
89
— emergencies are those that involve blood and it’s components
Hematologic
90
What are 3 common hematologic conditions that you can encounter?
-anemia
-sickle cell disease
-hemophilia
91
— is basically a reduction of the number of red blood cells in the circulating blood volume, can cause paleness and fatigue
Anemia
92
——— is a hereditary blood disorder most often afflicting African Americans and black Africans but also other ethnicities as well
Sickle cell disease
93
What are the four types of a sickle cell crisis?
-vasoocclusive (causes obstruction)
-sequestration crisis (pooling of blood in liver or spleen)
-aplastic crisis ( decrease in production of red blood cells)
-hemolytic crisis (increase in destruction of red blood cells)
94
What are the 4 common patterns of the Vaso occlusive sickle cell crisis?
-bone crisis
-acute chest syndrome
-abdominal crisis
-joint crisis
95
— is a blood disorder that affects clotting
Hemophilia
96
— is the branch of medicine that studies the health of the female patient and her reproductive system
Gynecology
97
The uterus is lined by the endometrium, which is sloughed off during —, or the menstrual period
Menses
98
—— is an act of violence and a crime that defines sexual intercourse or other sexual activities that are performed without consent
Sexual assault
99
In girls age 10 or older, —, or the onset of menses, could be the cause of bleeding
Menarche
100
When the endometrial lining of the uterus is sloughed off during menses, it can be accompanied by strong uterine cramps that cause the severe pain during menstruation called —
Dysmenorrhea
101
Occasionally, a patient experiences abdominopelvic pain in the middle of her menstrual cycle, this is known as —
Mittelschmerz
102
An —— is a fluid filled sac that forms on the inside or on an ovary
Ovarian cyst
103
— is an inflammation of the endometrium, most commonly caused by infection
Endometritis
104
— is a condition in which endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus
Endometriosis
105
——— is an infection of the female reproductive tract
Pelvic inflammatory disease
106
——— are infectious diseases that are transmitted through sexual contact
Sexually transmitted diseases
107
— is the branch of medicine that studies the urinalysis system in females and the genitourinary system in males
Urology
108
What is hematuria?
Blood in the urine
109
Kidney stones or ——, are crystals of substances such as calcium, uric acid, struvite, and crystine that are formed from metabolic abnormalities
Renal calculi
110
—— occurs when the kidneys fail to function adequately
Kidney failure
111
— is an artificial process used to remove water and waste substances from the blood when the kidneys fail to function properly
Dialysis
112
In general, the blood containing waste products passes on one side of the membrane while a — (special fluid for dialysis) passes on the other side
Dialysate
113
A — is responsible for sending nerve impulses to the hypothalamus indicating the temperature of the body
Thermoreceptor
114
What are the two primary systems to regulate body temp?
-behavioral regulation
-physiologic regulation
115
The body produces heat mainly through the process of —, including digestion of food
Metabolism
116
What are the three systems the body relies on to help maintain a normal temp when the body becomes too warm?
-skin
-cardiovascular
-respiratory
117
When the body loses more heat than it gains or produces, the result is — , or low body temp (<95°F)
Hypothermia
118
The most significant mechanism of heat loss is —, which involves the transfer of heat from the surface of one object to the surface of another without physical contact
Radiation
119
The process of — causes cold air molecules that are in immediate contact with the skin to be warmed.
Convection
120
The mechanism of — causes body heat to be lost through direct contact
Conduction
121
The process in which a liquid changes to a vapor is called —
Evaporation
122
Breathing or — also produces heat loss
Respiration
123
When the amount of heat the body produces or gains exceeds the amount the body loses through the processes just described, the result is —, or high body temp
Hyperthermia
124
———, which is an overall reduction in body temp affecting the entire body
Generalized cold emergency
125
—— results from an increase in the body’s heat loss, a decrease in the body’s heat production, or both
Generalized hypothermia
126
— hypothermia occurs from the lowering of the body temp from immersion in cool or cold water, water that is less than 77°F
Immersion hypothermia
127
— hypothermia occurs in those individuals who have a predisposition, disability, illness, or medication usage that renders them more susceptible to hypothermia
Urban hypothermia
128
—— is a complication that occurs late in the progression of hypothyroidism and can be fatal, most commonly in elderly women who present with extreme hypothermia
Myxedema coma
129
A ——— primarily refers to the conditions commonly known as immersion foot or trench foot, occurs because of exposure of the feet to a cold but nonfreezing environment resulting in damage to the peripheral tissue
Nonfreezing cold injury
130
———, the condition commonly called frostbite resulting from the freezing of a localized area of body tissue
Freezing cold injury
131
—— is taking measures to prevent further heat loss and giving the patients body the optimum chance to rewarm itself
Passive rewarming
132
—— are the least serious form of heat related injury is muscle spasms, or cramps, that are thought to result from the body losing too much salt during profuse sweating
Heat cramps
133
—— results from extreme physical exertion in a hot, humid environment can affect even an otherwise fit individual
Heat exhaustion
134
—— occurs when the body’s heat regulating mechanisms break down and become unable to cool the body sufficiently, this is a life threatening medical emergency with a significant mortality rate
Heat stroke
135
———, also known as exertional hyponatremia and water intoxication, is associated with prolonged exercise or exertion, however the pathophysiology of the condition is not from an increased body core temp but from a depletion of sodium relative to water content and a severe electrolyte imbalance
Exercise associated hyponatremia
136
What is it called when a lightening bolt makes direct contact with the patient?
Direct strike
137
What is it called when lightening strikes an object the patient is in contact with?
Contact strike
138
What is it called when lightening strikes an object and jumps to a nearby person?
Splash or side flash strike
139
What is it called then a lightening current energized the ground?
Ground current or step voltage strike
140
——— typically occurs in people who rapidly ascend to 6,600 feet or greater
Acute mountain sickness
141
———— is a condition affecting the lungs and gas exchange, changes in the pressure in the pulmonary vessels cause fluid to be forced out of the capillaries and to collect in and around the alveoli, this condition can occur above 8,000 feet but more commonly occurs above 14,500 feet
High altitude pulmonary edema
142
———— occurs from the collection of an excessive amount of fluid in the brain tissue, normally occurs at altitudes above 12,000 feet
High altitude cerebral edema
143
An occasion in which environmental influences on a person are so extreme that the body cannot adequately cope is said to be an ——
Environmental emergency
144
A — is an incident in which someone is submerged or immersed in a liquid that results in a primary respiratory environment, can be fatal or nonfatal
Drowning
145
— is a substance that maintains surface tension in the alveoli to keep them from collapsing
Surfactant
146
If the body core temp is less than —°F, defibrillation and ALS medications are thought to be ineffective
86°F
147
When a person dives into cold water, below 70°F, the ——— can drastically slow down metabolism and make the patient more likely to be resuscitated, even after prolonged submersion
Mammalian diving reflex
148
When drowning, the patient can suffer from severe ——, a condition in which the stomach fills with water, enlarging to abdomen to the point that it interferes with the capability to inflate the lungs
Gastric distention
149
— is a medical condition that results from the effects on the body of changes in ambient pressure. The pressure changes occur when a person descends in water or ascends in altitude
Dysbarism
150
The total pressure of a mixture of gases equals the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases that make up the mixture this is known as:
Dalton’s law
151
At a constant temp, the volume of gas is inversely related to the pressure, this known as:
Boyles law
152
At a constant temp, the amount of gas that dissolves in a liquid it is in contact with is proportionate to the pressure of the gas around it, this is known as:
Henry’s law
153
All gases expand equally upon being heated, this is known as:
Charles law
154
—— also known as divers disease, the bends, or caisson disease, is a condition caused by dissolved gases coming out of solution to form bubbles inside the body on depressurization
Decompression sickness
155
——— is a blocking of blood vessels by an air bubble or clusters of air bubbles
Arterial gas embolism
156
—, also called the squeeze, occurs during ascent or descent when air pressure in the body’s air cavities becomes too great, causing the tissues in the air cavities to become injured
Barotrauma
157
A —— is defined as an abnormal mental condition that significantly impacts one’s thoughts, moods, perceptions, orientation, or memory and that impairs judgement, behavior, recognition of reality, or the ability to perform activities of daily living to care for oneself
Psychiatric disorder
158
A ——, which can at times be considered a behavioral emergency, is a situation in which patients present with behaviors that are abnormal, a threat to themselves or others, are incongruent with their baseline, or have shown a rapid change in cognition
Psychiatric emergency
159
— is a movement disorder that causes involuntary contractions of muscles resulting in twisting and repetitive movements that are sometimes painful
Dystonia
160
—— is another movement disorder that causes involuntary movements of the tongue, lips, face, trunk, and extremities
Tardive dyskinesia
161
— is a state of painful uneasiness about impending problems and most often things that are out of one’s control
Anxiety
162
A common presentation of anxiety is a ——. A —— is a discrete period of intense fear or discomfort
Panic attack
163
A —, which falls under the category of anxiety disorders, is an irrational fear often triggered by a specific object or event
Phobia
164
— is anxiety about being in places or situations from which escape would be difficult or help might not be available.
Agoraphobia
165
—— if often described as changes in mood from “very high highs” to “very low lows”, the high phase is either mania or hypo mania and the low phase is depression
Bipolar disorder
166
—, also referred to as a manic state, is a period of abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood that lasts for at least 1 week
Mania
167
— is a milder form of mania, lasts at least 4 days
Hypomania
168
—— is when a patient may experience the same mood fluctuations, mania, or hypomania and major depressive symptoms as bipolar disorder but without fully meeting the diagnostic criteria of severity, frequency, duration that would consider either a bipolar I or bipolar II diagnosis
Cyclothymic disorder
169
— is characterized by deep feelings of sadness, worthlessness, discouragement, and hopelessness, symptoms that often do not seem connected to the actual circumstances of the patients life
Depression
170
———— is a pediatric mood disorder characterized by periods of irritability, angry mood, and temper outbursts that are inappropriate based on the identified trigger and incongruent to the child’s developmental age
Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
171
—— is a relatively new term used to replace the term dementia, are those that involve impairment of the neurons of the brain to include memory disorders, personality changes, and impaired reasoning
Neurocognitive disorders
172
— can be described as any change in an individuals cognition, attention, awareness that develops over a short period of time
Delirium
173
—— also known as agitated delirium is a neurocognitive disorder and physiological response characterized by unusual strength and endurance, tolerance of pain, agitation, and hostility. Can be associated with drug use, especially cocaine
Hyperactive delirium
174
— is a chronic mental illness in which a patient does not return to his premorbid level of functioning. Patients with this illness suffer debilitating distortions or speech and thought, bizarre delusions, and hallucinations
Schizophrenia
175
— is a highly exaggerated or unwarranted mistrust or suspiciousness of others
Paranoia
176
— is any mental state in which the patient is out of touch with reality.
Psychosis
177
— psychosis can result from mind altering drugs, which is the most common cause, or from intense stress, delusional disorders, or schizophrenia, which is another common cause
Acute psychosis
178
A — is defined as a deeply disturbing or distressing experience
Trauma
179
— is often described as a condition in of persistent mental and emotional stress occurring because of injury or severe psychological shock, typically involving disturbance of sleep and constant vivid recall of the experience, with dulled responses to others and to the outside world
PTSD
180
——— is a severe, potentially life threatening reaction as associated with antipsychotics or other dopamine antagonist use, can cause extreme elevation in temp, diaphoresis, altered mental status and incontinence
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
181
———— typically develops within a few days of raising the dosage of or starting a medication used to treat extrapyramidal symptoms, such as a neuroleptic medication. Symptoms include abnormal and prolonged contraction of the eyes, head, neck, limbs, and trunk
Medication induced acute dystonia
182
———— is characterized by subjective complaints of restlessness, fidgety movements, rocking, pacing, or inability to sit or stand still, symptoms typically occur within a few weeks of initiating, increasing, or decreasing the dose of an extrapyramidal targeting medication
Medication induced acute akathisia
183
———— mimics tardive dyskinesia but results from discontinuation or reduction in dosage of a neuroleptic medication
Neuroleptic withdrawal emergent dyskinesia
184
———— is a fine postural tremor associated with use of medication such as lithium, antidepressant, or valproic acid with a presentation similar to a tremor from anxiety and stimulants.
Medication induced postural tremor
185
——— can develop after abrupt cessation or reduction of an antidepressant taken for at least 1 month and often begins within 2-4 days, symptoms include flashes of light, electric shock sensations, nausea, and hypersensitivity to lights and noise
Antidepressant discontinuation syndrome
186
—— develops as the result of high levels of seratonin in the body often from starting new SSRI medication or increasing the dosage. Can also be caused by illicit drugs, can cause agitation or restlessness, confusion, rapid heart beat, twitching muscles.
Seratonin syndrome
187
A — is any willful act designed to end one’s own life
Suicide
188
Restraints used with a patient should be—
Humane
189
If it proves necessary to restrain a patient or to transport a patient without consent, make sure you use —— when doing so. This is defined as using the minimum amount of force required to keep the patient from injuring himself or others.
Reasonable force
190
The ability to maintain a position that is a self awareness and self humidity in understanding cultural differences is known as ——
Cultural humidity
191
—— is a range of cognitive, affective, and behavioral skills that are used to allow one to appropriately and effectively communicate with people of other cultures
Cultural competence
192
—— is a form of modern day slavery in which traffickers use force, fraud, or coercions to control victims for the purposes of engaging in commercial sex acts or labor against his or her will
Human trafficking
193
—— is the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, obtaining, patronizing, or soliciting of a person for the purpose of a commercial sex act
Sex trafficking
194
—— is the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labor or services.
Labor trafficking
195
What are the different types of domestic abuse?
-physical
-verbal
-emotional or psychological
-stalking
-sexual
-spiritual
-financial or material
196
What typically happens during phase 1 of domestic abuse?
The tension between the victim and abuser increases
197
What typically happens during phase 2 of domestic violence?
The violence occurs on a regular basis with increasing frequency and severity
198
What typically happens during phase 3 of domestic abuse?
The “honeymoon phase”, the abuser apologizes for the abuse, buys gifts for the victim, offers rationalizations for the abuse, which often blames the victim
199
—— takes place when improper or excessive action is taken to injure or cause harm
Physical abuse
200
—— is the involvement of a child in sexual activities for the gratification of an older or more powerful person
Sexual abuse
201
— is the provision inadequate attention or respect to someone who has a claim to that attention
Neglect
202
—— takes place when one person shames, ridicules, embarrasses, or insults another to damage the child victims self esteem
Emotional abuse
