CH. 20 terms Flashcards
nuclear family
- couples establish their own households
- raise children apart from their parents
community controls
- pressured young people to get married if they were pregnant and they weren’t married
- decreased premarital sex
- community effort to police personal behavior/community standards
- public humiliation
coitus interruptus
- only form of birth control that helped limit family size by the end of the 18th century
- withdrawl of male before ejaculation
fast set
-used sheath regularly to protect against disease, not pregnancy
illegitimacy explosion
- illegitimate birth rose steadily
- illegitimacy: child born when parents weren’t married
wet nursing
- women would nurse upper class women’s’ babies
- if a child turned out bad, the nurse was blamed (they thought that nursing passed on traits)
killing nurse
- a nurse that no child ever survived with
- it was believed that the nurse would let the child die so she could take another child and another fee
infanticide
-willfully destruction of newborn children
overlaying
-parent claimed that they would roll over and suffocate the child placed in between
extended family
- newly named couple would live with either parents
- family is big 3 or 4 generation clan
attitudes towards children
- young children were minor concern to parents/society
- doctors told parents not to become attached to babies because they will probably die
- emotional detatchment often turned into abuse
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swaddling
- wrapping babies in tight fitting clothes and blankets
- by the end of the 18th century small children were often dressed in simpler, more comfortable clothes
- part of the general growth of humanitarianism
St. Vincent Paul
- established a home for babies brought to the steps in Paris (parents would bring their babies which they didn’t want to take care of)
- others followed the lead
foundling hospital/homes
-house dedicated to caring for foundlings
charity schools
-established to instruct children of the poor
chapbooks
- short pamphlets which were a popular staple of literature
- other popular literature was highly practical (rural crafts, household repairs, etc)
diets and nutrition
- in 18th century ordinary men and women depended on grain
- poor ate grains in soup and gruel
- rural and urban poor ate fair quantity of beans/veggies
- widely believed that milk caused sore eyes, headaches, and other sicknesses
- upper class ate a lot of meat
- diet of small traders was more diverse
just price
- they believed that prices should be “fair”
- protecting both the producer and consumer
Impact of diet on health
- key dietary problem was getting enough greens/milk for vitamins A & C
- new methods of farming = more varied diets
- shift from whole grain bread to white bread = less nutritional value
- growing consumption of sugar
medical practitioners
- medical science played small part in improving health
- belief that evil spirits caused disease
- surgeons made great medical progress
hospitals and medical experiments
- experimentation
- people didn’t want to go because it smelled bad
- conditions were poor because there wasn’t isolation
Carnival
- wild release of drinking, masquerading, and dancing
- for a few days in February or March before lent
pietism
- protestant revival which began in Germany
- enthusiasm in prayer, worship, and life
- warm & emotional religion that everyone could experience
- extended to all classes
- believed in Christian rebirth
- priesthood of all believers
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John Wesley
- served as catalyst for popular religious revival in England
- pietism had a major impact on him
- established Methodist religion
- wrote a scheme about the religion
methodists
- people like John Wesley who were very methodical in their devotion
- part of a holy club
