CH. 20 terms

Question 1

nuclear family

Answer 1

• couples establish their own households

- raise children apart from their parents

Question 2

community controls

Answer 2

• pressured young people to get married if they were pregnant and they weren’t married
• decreased premarital sex
• community effort to police personal behavior/community standards
• public humiliation

Question 3

coitus interruptus

Answer 3

• only form of birth control that helped limit family size by the end of the 18th century
• withdrawl of male before ejaculation

Question 4

fast set

Answer 4

-used sheath regularly to protect against disease, not pregnancy

Question 5

illegitimacy explosion

Answer 5

• illegitimate birth rose steadily

- illegitimacy: child born when parents weren’t married

Question 6

wet nursing

Answer 6

• women would nurse upper class women’s’ babies

- if a child turned out bad, the nurse was blamed (they thought that nursing passed on traits)

Question 7

killing nurse

Answer 7

• a nurse that no child ever survived with

- it was believed that the nurse would let the child die so she could take another child and another fee

Question 8

infanticide

Answer 8

-willfully destruction of newborn children

Question 9

overlaying

Answer 9

-parent claimed that they would roll over and suffocate the child placed in between

Question 10

extended family

Answer 10

• newly named couple would live with either parents

- family is big 3 or 4 generation clan

Question 11

attitudes towards children

Answer 11

• young children were minor concern to parents/society
• doctors told parents not to become attached to babies because they will probably die
• emotional detatchment often turned into abuse

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Question 12

swaddling

Answer 12

• wrapping babies in tight fitting clothes and blankets
• by the end of the 18th century small children were often dressed in simpler, more comfortable clothes
• part of the general growth of humanitarianism

Question 13

St. Vincent Paul

Answer 13

• established a home for babies brought to the steps in Paris (parents would bring their babies which they didn’t want to take care of)
• others followed the lead

Question 14

foundling hospital/homes

Answer 14

-house dedicated to caring for foundlings

Question 15

charity schools

Answer 15

-established to instruct children of the poor

Question 16

chapbooks

Answer 16

• short pamphlets which were a popular staple of literature

- other popular literature was highly practical (rural crafts, household repairs, etc)

Question 17

diets and nutrition

Answer 17

• in 18th century ordinary men and women depended on grain
• poor ate grains in soup and gruel
• rural and urban poor ate fair quantity of beans/veggies
• widely believed that milk caused sore eyes, headaches, and other sicknesses
• upper class ate a lot of meat
• diet of small traders was more diverse

Question 18

just price

Answer 18

• they believed that prices should be “fair”

- protecting both the producer and consumer

Question 19

Impact of diet on health

Answer 19

• key dietary problem was getting enough greens/milk for vitamins A & C
• new methods of farming = more varied diets
• shift from whole grain bread to white bread = less nutritional value
• growing consumption of sugar

Question 20

medical practitioners

Answer 20

• medical science played small part in improving health
• belief that evil spirits caused disease
• surgeons made great medical progress

Question 21

hospitals and medical experiments

Answer 21

• experimentation
• people didn’t want to go because it smelled bad
• conditions were poor because there wasn’t isolation

Question 22

Carnival

Answer 22

• wild release of drinking, masquerading, and dancing

- for a few days in February or March before lent

Question 23

pietism

Answer 23

• protestant revival which began in Germany
• enthusiasm in prayer, worship, and life
• warm & emotional religion that everyone could experience
• extended to all classes
• believed in Christian rebirth
• priesthood of all believers

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Question 24

John Wesley

Answer 24

• served as catalyst for popular religious revival in England
• pietism had a major impact on him
• established Methodist religion
• wrote a scheme about the religion

Question 25

methodists

Answer 25

• people like John Wesley who were very methodical in their devotion
• part of a holy club