CH. 19 terms

Question 1

agricultural revolution

Answer 1

• replacement of idle fallow with crops

- new methods of farming to improve patterns of crop rotation (using up the idle land)

Question 2

enclosure

Answer 2

• enclosing holdings into fenced in fields to farm efficiently
• peasants had to sell out to pay their share of the expense

Question 3

proletarianization

Answer 3

• transformation of peasant farmers into landless rural wage earners
• but they were still landless

Question 4

cottage industry

Answer 4

-manufacturing with hand tools in peasant cottages and work sheds

Question 5

putting-put system

Answer 5

• merchant loaned raw materials to cottage workers
• the cottage workers then processed the raw materials in their own homes
• and returned the finish product to the merchant

Question 6

mercantilism

Answer 6

• aimed at increasing the power of the state
• by creating a favorable balance of foreign trade to increase a country’s stock of gold
• economic theory that indicates that trade generates wealth

Question 7

open-field system

Answer 7

• divided land into several large fields

- long, narrow strips

Question 8

navigation acts

Answer 8

• required that most goods imported from Europe into England and Scotland be carried on British owned ships with British crews
• or on ships producing the article

Question 9

crop rotation

Answer 9

• instead of keeping the same crop in the same spot each year; rotating the crops
• in order to get rid of the fallow
• they planted crops and then took it out and planted nitrogen storing crops to make us of the idle fallow

Question 10

cottage industry was also known as…

Answer 10

-domestic industry

Question 11

cornelius vermuyden

Answer 11

-Dutch engineer who dirrected large drainage in Yorkshire

Question 12

viscount Charles Townsend

Answer 12

-pioneer of English agricultural improvement

Question 13

jethro Tull

Answer 13

English innovator who wanted to use horses instead of oxen and drilling equipment to scatter seed

Question 14

enclosure acts

Answer 14

-laws passed by parliament to support enclosure

Question 15

population explosion

Answer 15

• cycle of population growth and decline
• more diseases led to better medicine
• mortality rate decreased
• higher standards of living
• population grew

Question 16

new pattern of the 18th centrist

Answer 16

• small pox vaccine
• improvement in water supply and sewage
• better safe guard of food

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Question 17

war of Spanish succession

Answer 17

• Spain wanted to give Britain control of its west African slave trade and let Britain send one ship of merchandise into Spanish countries annually
• Louis xiv declared his willingness to accept the Spanish crown from his grandson
• Louis was forced to cede Newfoundland nova scotia and the Hudson bag territory to Britain (treaty of Utrecht)
• Spain have France control of its west African slave trade

Question 18

war of Austrian succession

Answer 18

• gradually became world war
• ended with no change in territorial structure
• led to 7 years war
• France lost all its possessions

Question 19

revival of colonial Latin America

Answer 19

• Spain recovered after Charles II death because of better leadership
• political success and economic improvement
• silver mining recovered

Question 20

war of Spanish succession

Answer 20

-Spain wanted to give Britain control of its west African slave trade and let Britain send one ship of merchandise into Spanish countries annually

Question 21

war of Austrian succession

Answer 21

• gradually became world war
• ended with no change in territorial structure
• led to 7 years war
• France lost all its possessions

Question 22

debt peonage

Answer 22

-landowner provided food shelter etc in exchange for work

Question 23

creole

Answer 23

Spanish blood born in America

Question 24

mestizos

Answer 24

-offspring of Spanish man and Indian woman

Question 25

Adam smith

Answer 25

• Scottish professor of philosophy
• freedom of enterprise in foreign trade
• free competition
• merchants complained because they wanted free trade and Adam smith did too
• established the basis for economics (“nature and causes of the wealth of nations”)
• advocated system of natural Liberty