CH. 20: Muscular System

Question 1

makes up walls of hollow organs ie stomach, intestines, and uterus; operates INVOLUNTARILY and responsible for peristalsis

Answer 1

Smooth (visceral) muscle

Question 2

makes up the myocardium of the heart wall; functions INVOLUNTARILY and responsible for heart’s pumping action

Answer 2

cardiac muscle

Question 3

attached to bones and operates VOLUNTARILY; maintains posture and generates a large proportion of body heat; all these voluntary muscles together make up the muscular system

Answer 3

skeletal muscle

Question 4

composed of individual cells, referred to as FIBERS b/c they are so long and thread-like

Answer 4

Muscles

Question 5

these muscles are held together in ________(bundles) by connective tissue

Answer 5

fascicles

Question 6

sheath of connective tissue that covers each muscle

Answer 6

fascia

Question 7

attaches the muscle to a bone

Answer 7

tendons

Question 8

skeletal muscles are stimulated to contract by _____ __________ of the nervous system

Answer 8

motor neurons

Question 9

the synapse (junction) where a branch of a neuron meets a muscle cell

Answer 9

neuromuscular junction (NMJ)

Question 10

A neurotransmitter released from small vesicles (sacs) in an axon branch at the neuromuscular junction

Answer 10

acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 11

ACh interacts with the muscle cell membrane to prompt ______ ________

Answer 11

cellular contraction

Question 12

two special protein filaments in muscle cells that interact to produce the contraction

Answer 12

actin and myosin

Question 13

______ and ___________ are needed for contraction

Answer 13

ATP and calcium

Question 14

state of firmness aka muscle tone

Answer 14

tonus

Question 15

_____ work in pairs to produce movement at the joints

Answer 15

muscles

Question 16

as one muscle, the __________, contracts, an opposing muscle, the ________, must relax

Answer 16

agonist; antagonist

Question 17

any muscle that assists the agonist to produce an action

Answer 17

synergist

Question 18

point where the muscle is attached to a stable part of the skeleton

Answer 18

origin

Question 19

point where a muscle is attached to a moving part of the skeleton

Answer 19

insertion

Question 20

closing the angle at a joint

Answer 20

flexion

Question 21

opening the angle at a joint

Answer 21

extension

Question 22

movement away from the midline of the body

Answer 22

abduction

Question 23

movement toward the midline of the body

Answer 23

adduction

Question 24

turning of a body part on its own axis

Answer 24

rotation

Question 25

circular movement from a central point

Answer 25

circumduction

Question 26

turning downward

Answer 26

pronation

Question 27

turning upward

Answer 27

supination

Question 28

turning outward

Answer 28

eversion

Question 29

turning inward

Answer 29

inversion

Question 30

bending backward

Answer 30

dorsiflexion

Question 31

bending the sole of the foot

Answer 31

plantar flexion

Question 32

What are the criteria in naming muscles?

Answer 32

• location (e.g., near a bone), direction of the fibers, size, shape, number of attachment points (heads), as indicated by the suffix -ceps
• action, adding the suffix -or to the root for the action

Question 33

my/o

Answer 33

muscle

Question 34

muscul/o

Answer 34

muscle

Question 35

in/o

Answer 35

fiber

Question 36

fasci/o

Answer 36

fascia

Question 37

ten/o, tendin/o

Answer 37

tendon

Question 38

ton/o

Answer 38

tone

Question 39

erg/o

Answer 39

work

Question 40

kin/o-, kine, kinesi/o, kinet/o

Answer 40

movement