Ch. 20 Aerial Apparatus Strategy and tactics

Question 1

Ch. 20 pg. 719.
Operational strategies represent the overall plans needed to successfully mitigate an emergency and terminate and incident. Operational strategies will depend on prefire plans, prearrival information, and initial size-up of the incident. To successfully achieve these strategies firefighters must:
A. complete the assigned tactics given.
B. work as a unit, not to freelance on the incident.
C. be able to communicate effectively and perform certain tactics.
D. must train on current tactics for multiple situations.

Answer 1

C. be able to communicate effectively and perform certain tactics.

Question 2

Ch. 20 pg. 723

What is the priority considerations for rescue:

Answer 2

most severely threatened by condition of the hazard
largest number of groups of people
remainder of people in the hazard area
people in exposed area.

Question 3

Ch. 20 pg. 727

When setting up for a rescue from a window in a platform device, What is the preferred placement?

Answer 3

top rail of the platform to be even with the windowsill, this allows the victim to board directly feet first.

alternative, is to place platform gate even with windowsill to board through the gate.

Question 4

Ch. 20 pg. 736
Aerial devices can be used for multiple types of rescues, building rescues, rope rescues, water rescues. When setting up for water rescue what is the first safety issue that affects aerial apparatus:

Answer 4

Lack of a suitable location to adequately stabilize the apparatus.

in many cases the ground is muddy or otherwise unstable, and will not safely support the weight of the apparatus.

Question 5

Ch. 20 pg. 742
When elevated master streams are used in a blitz attack, they should only be flowed long enough to darken down the fire. The water adds weight to the structure at the rate of ______ for every ______.

When possible, find avenues of__ from the building when using Master streams during fire fighting operations.

Answer 5

2000 lbs
250 gpm.

Drainage

Question 6

Ch. 20 pg. 745-746
Keep in mind the apparatus is also an exposure. When protecting exposures from radiant heat, the water stream needs to be __________. protecting from convective fire spread, the fire stream should _______.

Answer 6

applied directly onto the exposure surface.

fog stream should be directed into the thermal column.

Question 7

Ch. 20 pg. 748
Aerial apparatus may support operations involving aircraft rescue and fire fighting (ARFF) incidents. a first option for rescuing victims, all larger commercial passenger aircraft and some military aircraft are equipped with escape chutes and slides. The second best option is to place a set of portable stairs at the exit doors. an aerial device should be raised to:

Answer 7

in an aircraft exit opening should follow principles for performing window rescue. or if placed to the lead edge of the wing, follow procedures described fro rescues from a roof.

Question 8

p.721 Access to Upper Levels

+Apparatus position should provide for the maximum degree of safety and access to the building to the firefighters using the aerial device.
+When using the aerial device in this function, it should not be repositioned unless the change is communicated ___ and ___.
+Using aerial for equipment delivery saves FF’s __ and __ from carrying equipment up stairs.

Answer 8

Effectively and Acknowledged

Time and Energy

Question 9

p.721 Rescue
+When fire conditions do not allow victims to be brought down interior stairwells or exterior fire escapes, may be necessary to use__ device.
+Ideal situation, best rescue approach is made from__ on level grade and without obstructions.
+Turntable is upwind of target.

Answer 9

Aerial
Upwind

+If possible, position aerial on corner of building
-Reach 2 sides and safer from collapse

Question 10

p.722 Rescue
+If a rescue is made from area threatened by fire, __ can be used to protect victims,rescuers, and aerial device but caution must be used when selecting the fire stream for the lines.

Answer 10

Hoselines

+Preferred procedure=wide angle fog stream to cool/protect the aerial device and personnel while the rescue operation is in progress.

Question 11

p.722 Rescue with Aerial Platform
+The plan for getting a victim into an aerial platform will determine placement of apparatus.

+If Victim to be lifted over top rail:
-Position apparatus so turntable is directly in line with target, this allows the front of the platform to be positioned __ in front of the target.

+If victim enters platform through hinged gate:

• Turntable must be positioned a little __ or__ the target because the gates are typically on the side.
• Device must be raised at an angle to the target to provide safe access to the gates.

Answer 11

Squarely

Forward or Behind

Question 12

p.722 Priority Considerations

+Main objective is to reach as many__ or points of __as possible with a minimum number of aerial movements.

Answer 12

Victims

Egress

Question 13

p.723 Highest priority for Rescue
+Those who are in the Greatest amount of __or__ danger should be given highest priority.

+Typically occupants__or __ fire floor will be in greatest danger.

Answer 13

Real or Perceived

On or Above

+Visible fire conditions will be strong indication
+Rescuers should give preference to Panicked or appear ready to jump(can be people who are not in the immediate fire area)
+FF’s should NOT pass up those in greatest danger to rescue panicked person in safe area.

Question 14

p.723 second priority of rescue
+largest group of people

+When 2 more groups appear to be in same amount of danger, the __ of the 2 groups should have aerial device extended to them first.
+Worst case scenario, best to rescue largest number of people possible, given the __ available.

Answer 14

Larger

Time

Question 15

p.723 Third Priority for Rescue
+Remainder of people in the fire area.

+Remaining groups of victims should be removed in order of the next most threatened by the___.
+During this process, The D/O and/or CO should continue to__ fire conditions for changes that might increase the danger to any waiting victims.

Answer 15

Hazard

Monitor

Question 16

p.723 Fourth Priority for Rescue
+People in exposed areas.

+Once all who appear to be in immediate danger have been removed, other victims who are unable to escape the fire building or__ by standard methods should be evacuated next.

Answer 16

Exposures

Question 17

P.724 Changing Priorities
+The D/O should always be alert for __ fire conditions during rescue operations.
+Possible that victims who did not appear to be high priority when operations began could suddenly become top priority due to__ growth and spread or smoke penetration in their area.

Answer 17

Changing

Fire growth

Question 18

p.724 Raising Aerial Device to Victim
In the perpendicular position, twisting stresses imposed on the aerial are reduced.
In older apparatus designed to be used in the supported position, perpendicular positioning allows for:

+Aerial Ladder designed for Supported Position
-Perpendicular Position allows for Max load carrying capabilities when both __ rails are evenly in contact with the supporting object.

Answer 18

maximum load carrying capabilities

Base

+Aerial Ladder designed for Unsupported Position
-Tip should be place above target spot, this placement prevents ladder from contacting the building without placing excess stress on device.

Question 19

p.725 Raising Aerial to Victim
+Optimum positioning not possible and aerial ladder must be extended toward the object at an angle.
-Extend the ladder so that the __ on the building side of the ladder is above and over the objective. This will prevent the beam from contacting objective when victims board the ladder.

+If a beam is contacting the objective, the weight of the victim can cause the opposite beam to bend__ which could twist or bend the ladder, causing ___ failure.

Answer 19

Beam

Downward
Catastrophic

Question 20

p.725 Raising Aerial to Victim
+To reach victim in elevated position, the aerial device should initially be aimed__ the victim then__.
-Putting ladder below may cause victim to jump onto ladder.

+Once in place for rescue, engaging the __ locks is an important step in making the device a rigid structure, these greatly increase overall strength of the extended device and greatly reduce chance of failure.

Answer 20

Above then lowered

Extension locks

Question 21

p.727 Positioning Aerial Device for Rescue from Roof
(or similarly open, flat areas)
AERIAL LADDERS
+Tip of aerial ladder placed so that at least __ feet extends above the edge of the roof.
AERIAL PLATFORMS
+Placed so that bottom of platform is just __ and__the edge of the roof.
*This position allows victims to have a __ while climbing onto ladder or into platform.

Answer 21

6 feet

Above and Over

Handhold

Question 22

p.728 Moving Victims Down Aerial Ladders
+At least 1, preferably 2 FF should be assigned to assist the victims.
+When _ or more FF’s available, 1 assist from inside building, others remain on tip of ladder.

+Carrying or supporting victims down ladder should be a ____ when all other means of egress are ruled out

Answer 22

+2

+last resort Tactic

Question 23

p.730 Types of Carries Down Aerial Ladder
+Infants, small children__ in one arm while other arm is used for balance and stability.

+Knee Sit

• Best used for heavier person who is __ and able to control own movements but not strong enough to descend under own power.
• Beneficial for __ firefighters.

Answer 23

+Cradled

+Concious

+Smaller

Question 24

P.730 Types of Carries Down Aerial Ladder
+Patient laid across rails(face up,down or on side)
THIS METHOD POSSES LITTLE OR NO RISK OF FALL
+Uniquely useful for__ or severely injured

Answer 24

+Unconscious

Question 25

P.731 Types of Carries Down Aerial Ladder
+Over the shoulder carry
+Most__ and most risky
+Only perform this carry with a __ FF descending just below FF carrying the victim

Answer 25

Difficult

Safety

+To perform this carry safely, a FF in the fire building should assist with loading victim onto the shoulder of FF.

Question 26

p.731-732 Moving Victims in Aerial Platforms
+This method is __ and not suited for mass evacuation from a single point.
+When only platform is available for multiple rescues, a decision must be made by a __ person(IC or FF in platform), on which to use the ladder or platform.

Answer 26

Slower

Qualified

Question 27

p.732 Moving Victims in Aerial Platforms
+Top rail positioned__ with windowsill or balcony railing, victims should be assisted down into platform.
+Damaging Dynamic load and injury to victim or FF’S can occur if victim__ into platform.(Catastrophic Failure
+If local SOP allow or mandate the victim enter through __ gate on platform, position accordingly.

Answer 27

Level

Jumps

Access

Question 28

p.741 Foam Stream With Aerials
+Not practical to discharge__ foam through an elevated master stream appliance.
-Aerated foam has very high __ content within the stream and makes stream susceptible to breakup caused by ambient winds or fires thermal column.

Answer 28

Aerated

Air

Question 29

p.741 Aerial Blitz Attack Placement

• Water enters at angle of about__ degrees.
• Water will deflect off ceiling to the seat of the fire
• If too large an entry angle, water will hit ceiling ahead of fire and cascade to floor.
• Only be flowed long enough to __ the fire down.

Answer 29

30 degrees

Darken

+Best way to effect blitz attack:

• Water off ceiling in fire room
• Position aerial so nozzle is about even with bottom of window.

Question 30

p.742 Defensive Attack
+More common use of master streams is __ operations which is an exterior attack that is limited to controlling the__ of fire within a specific area with emphasis on exposure protection

Answer 30

Defensive

Spread

Question 31

p.743 Defensive attack
+The __ of elevated master streams can cause furniture/other burning items to move into uninvolved areas as well as create avenues of__ heat which can cause a change in direction of fire spread and even reverse the rise of products of combustion into the thermal column.
+If possible, position apparatus on __ side and push fire and convection waves away from unburned portion.

Answer 31

Power

Convection

Unburned

Question 32

p.743 Ventilation Disturbance
+FF give continual attention to the streams effect on overall fire conditions.
+IC should be observant that vent ops, are not rendered ineffective by directing elevated master streams into openings intended for___.

Answer 32

Ventilation

Question 33

p.744 Elevated Standpipe
+Using the aerial as an exterior standpipe is a tactic that can eliminate?
+Adding preconnected hoselines to the platform reduces time in setting up for interior standpipe operations but temporarily__ the amount of additional weight that can be added to platform(assuming lines will end up in building)

Answer 33

+Difficult hose lays up interior stairwells.

+Reduces

+When set up for standpipe ops, aerial may not be used for other critical tasks.

Question 34

p.744 Exposure Protection

+Wind __ the effects of radiated and convection heat transfer.

Answer 34

Enhances

+Protection from Radiated Heat:

• Radiated heat is transmitted through water
• Water applied directly on exposure surface

+Protection from Convection Fire Spread:
-Large fog streams into thermal column

Question 35

pg 724
+Often When rescue is priority, __ __ may not be getting appropriate amount of attention possibly due to shortages of __ and__. Therefore the fire may be continuing to grow and spread, threatening victims initially deemed safe.

Answer 35

Fire Attack

Firefighters and Equipment