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IFSTA Pumping and Aerial 3rd Edition > Ch. 14 Foam > Flashcards

Ch. 14 Foam Flashcards

1
Q

ch. 14 pg. 479

To produce Fire Fighting foam what three parts need to be inducted or injected in the correct ratios.

A

Foam concentrate
Water
Air.

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2
Q 
Ch. 14 pg. 479 
Definitions: 
Foam concentrate
Foam Solution
Foam
A

Foam Concentrate, Raw foam Liquid stored in totes before mixed with water or air.
Foam solution- mixture of foam concentrate and water before injected with air.
Foam- completed product after air is introduced into the foam solution (also called finished foam)

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3
Q

Ch. 14 pg. 481

Foam extinguishes and or suppresses vapors by the following methods: (3)

A

> separating- creates a barrier between the fuel and the fire.
Cooling- Lowers the temperature of the fuel and adjacent surfaces.
Suppressing or smothering- Prevents the release of flammable vapors, reducing the possibility of ignition or reignition.

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4
Q

Ch. 14 foam pg. 504
The nozzle that is limited to the application of Class A foam from a CAFS, provides an effective stream with excellent reach is what?

A

Smooth bore nozzle.

The exception to the standard rule that dictates the discharge orifice be no greater than half the diameter of the hose.

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5
Q 
Ch. 14 foam pg. 482 
Most fire fighting foam concentrates are formulated to mix with \_\_\_\_\_\_ to \_\_\_\_\_\_ percent water. 
A. 92-98.9% 
B. 93-99.9%
C. 95-99.9%
D. 94-99.9%
A

D. 94-99.9%

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6
Q 
Ch. 14 pg. 483 
What method of proportioning foam uses the pressure of a water steam to induct (draft) foam concentrate in the fire stream.   
A. induction
B. Injection
C.premixing
D. batch mixing
A

A. Induction

Note: achieved by passing a stream of water through a venturi device called an eductor.

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7
Q

Ch. 14 pg. 480

Class B. fuels are divided into two categories:

A

hydrocarbons

polar solvents

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8
Q

Ch. 14 pg. 480
Class B foam is used on what kind of fuel?
Ineffective on what kind of fuel?

A

hydrocarbons

polar solvents

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9
Q

Ch. 14 pg. 480
Gasoline is considered a hydrocarbon. When mixed with ______ percent solvent additives, it should be treated as a polar solvent during emergency operations.

A

15%.

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10
Q 
Ch. 14 pg 485
Depending on convenience foam solution maybe stored in a variety of containers.   Under conditions that may require large quantities of foam such as aircraft rescue fire fighting, wildland, or industrial facilities which storage method would supply enough foam concentrate. 
A. Pail
B. Barrels 
C. Totes 
D. apparatus tanks
A

C. Totes.

Tote carry 275 gallons.

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11
Q 
Ch. 14 pg. 484 
foam storage containers amounts 
pails
barrels
totes 
apparatus tanks
A

pails - 5 gallons
barrels - 55 gallons
totes - 275 gallons
apparatus tanks 20-200 gallons.

foam pumper or tender may carry 8000 gallons.

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12
Q

Ch. 14 foam storage
Class A foam storage life: pg. 487
Class B protein foam: 489
Class B synthetic foam: 489

A 
class A. = 20 years
Class B protein foam = 10 years
Class B. synthetic foam = 20-25 years.

Regardless of the type of tank, foam storage must be airtight.
Class B foams should be stored in a cool area to maximize shelf life.

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13
Q

Ch. 14 pg. 486
Class A foam accepted use is for:
Class B foam accepted use is for:

A

ordinary combustibles

flammable liquids

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14
Q

Ch. 14 pg. 488

proportioning Class A foam for fire attack and overhaul with a standard fog nozzle: what percent concentrate is used?

A

0.2-0.5 % concentrate

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15
Q 
Ch. 14 pg. 488.   
When using class A foam for exposure protection what is the correct percent of concentrate with a standard fog nozzle.
A

0.5-1.0 percent concentrate.

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16
Q

Ch. 14. 488

when applying Class A foam using a compressed air foam system what percent concentrate should be used?

A

0.2-0.5 percent concentrate

17
Q 
Ch. 14. pg 488 
When applying class A foam using an air aspirating nozzle what percent concentrate should be used?
A

0.3-0.7 percent concentrate.

18
Q

Ch. 14 pg. 490
Proportioning Class B foams: 1
Hydrocarbons : 2
Polar Solvents: 3

A
  1. one to six percent
  2. one or three percent
  3. three or six percent.
19
Q

Ch. 14 pg. 493
Alcohol resistant AFFF concentrate: This concentrate can be used on both hydrocarbon fuels and polar solvents. While the proportioning needs to be adjusted for each. correct percent for:
hydrocarbon fuels:
polar solvent fuels:

A

hydrocarbons 1 to 6 %
polar solvents 3 or 6 %.

aspirating nozzles are generally best for preserving the membrane that forms on the surface of these products.

20
Q

Ch. 14 pg. 495
The in-line eductor uses the Venturi principle to draft foam concentrate into the water stream. The pressure at the discharge side of the eductor must not exceed 70 percent of the eductor inlet pressure. Excessive back pressure may result in no foam concentrate being inducted into the water. Back pressure is determined by:

A

adding the nozzle pressure, friction loss in the hose between the eductor and the nozzle, and the elevation pressure.

21
Q 
ch.14 pg. 506 
Under certain circumstances D/O  may be required to operate a hand line or master stream during an incident at which foam lines are used.   What is the correct application method for Class A foam? 
A. Rain down method
B. Roll on method
C. Bank down method 
D. Direct application.
A

D. direct application.
This technique follows the same procedure as direct attack using plain water, yet usually more effective due to Class A foams’s enhanced extinguishing capabilities.

22
Q

Ch. 14 pg. 508
The primary concern regarding the environmental impact of foam is the effect of finished foam after application to a fire or spill. The process of decomposition results in:
A. rate at which bacteria can degrade the foam
B. the ratio of foam to the body of water
C. the consumption of oxygen
D. the severity of impact may vary based on the concentrate and type of Class A or B solution.

A

C. the consumption of oxygen.

23
Q

ch. 14 pg. 508-509
Although used in the same manner as Class A foam, these agents are structurally and chemically quite different. Unlike Class A foam these form small bubbles filled with water.

A

durable agents.

24
Q

Ch. 14. pg. 509
Durable agents:
When used as an extinguishing agent, the standard application rate is:
when used on a fire line the application rate:
Fore structure protection the application rate is:

A

1%
1.5-2%
2-3%

durable agents will adhere to vertical structural surfaces for up to 24 hours.

25
Q 
p.487 Class A Foams
\+The formula for class A foam includes hydrocarbon\_\_ that reduce the surface tension of water.
\+When used in conjunction with\_\_, class A foam provides excellent insulation qualities.
A

Surfactants

CAFS

26
Q

p.488 Rates of Application
+Class A foam application rate is the same as the minimum required flow rate for___.
+Short duration drain time provides the most rapid___.

A

Water

Wetting

27
Q

p.489 Class B
+Mil-Spec concentrates of foam may be mixed at anytime with no adverse effects.
+Class B mixed in proportions of _to_percent and the correct proportion for a specific product is found listed on the outside of each container.
+Hydrocarbon fuels-_or_percent
+Polar Solvent fuels-_or_percent

A

1 to 6

1 or 3
3 or 6

28
Q

p.490 Foam Expansion
Low=
Medium=
High=

A

20: 1
20: 1 to 200:1 (used through Hydraulically operated nozzle type delivery devices)
200: 1 to 1000:1

29
Q

p.492 Fluoroprotein Foam
+Can be made alcohol resistant with the addition of__salts suspended in organic solvents. The alcohol resistive properties will be effective for approx__ mins.
+__ foam is currently the most commonly used synthetic foam concentrate and burnback is more apparent in AFFF foam.

A

Ammonia
15 mins
AFFF foam

30
Q

p.495 In Line Eductors
+Pressure at the discharge size of eductor must not exceed __percent of the eductor inlet pressure.
+After use, induct water through the foam pick up tube for atleast __ minute.
+The foam concentrate inlet to the eductor must not be more than __feet above the liquid surface of the foam concentrate.
+Nozzle and eductor must have same __ rating in order to operate succesfully.

A

70 percent
1 minute
6 feet
GPM

31
Q

p.497 Self educting master stream foam nozzles
+Used in flows in excess of __gpm and capable of delivering ___gpm.

+A type of in line eductor used to supply foam concentrate to a self educting master stream is___? uses a modified Venturi design to draw concentrate into its water stream.

  • This allows foam concentrate to be located as far as___feet away from nozzle and can be used in elevations of up to__feet.
  • JRC proportions the concentrate to a __ percent solution.
A 
350
14,000
Jet Ratio Controller
3,000ft
50ft
66.5 percent
32
Q

p.502 CAFS
A direct injection foam proportioning system is attached to the discharge side of the pump. Once the foam concentrate is mixed with water to form a foam solution, compressed air is added to the mix before being discharged from the apparatus to the hoseline. Compressed air foam offers several tactical advantages including:

A
  • The reach of the fire stream is considerably longer than those o flow energy systems.
  • A CAFS system produces small uniform air bubbles that are very durable.
  • foam produced by a CAFS adheres to a fuel surface and resists heat longer than low energy foam.
  • Hoselines containing high energy foam solution weigh less than those containing plain water or low energy foam solution.
  • CAFS may provide a safer fire attack that allows effective reach from a greater distance.
33
Q

p.503 Portable Foam Application Devices

+When using low energy foam systems, the aeration and discharge functions are completed by the___ foam nozzle.

A

Aerating

34
Q

p.503 Portable Foam Application Devices
+When using low energy foam systems, the aeration and discharge functions are completed by the___ foam nozzle.
+These nozzles should not be used for incidents involving polar solvents.
+The only nozzle that should be used with protein and fluoroprotein concentrates.

A

Aerating
+Fog Nozzles
+Air aspirating foam nozzles

35
Q

p.505 Medium and High expansion foam generating devices.
+2 types
-Similar to other foam producing nozzles,except they are larger and longer and typically generate a lower air volume product.
-Look similar to ordinary smoke ejector and the air is forced through the foam solution and is well suited for incidents requiring “total flooding”

A

+Water aspirating

+Mechanical Blower

36
Q

p.509 Durable Agents
+For structure protection, the application rate is _to_percent, durable agents can adhere to vertical structural surfaces up to _hours.

A

2 to 3 percent
24 hours
note: when used on a fire line, durable agents are often applied at 1 1/2-2 %.
Product maybe rehydrated by using a fine mist.

37
Q

What is the shelf life of properly stored class A foam solution ?

A. 25 years
B. 30 years
C. 22 years
D. 20 years

Pumping and aerial apparatus chapter 14 Pg 487

A

D. 20 years.

38
Q

What nozzle is only one that should be used with protein and fluoroprotein concentrates?

A. Master stream nozzles
B. Fog nozzles
C. Smooth bore nozzles
D. Air aspiration foam nozzles

Pumping and aerial chapter 14 pg 504

A

D. Air aspiration foam nozzles

39
Q

Ch. 14 pg. 488
The drain time for foam also plays a major role in the effectiveness of the product. A short duration drain time provides the most rapid wetting, while a longer drain time provides an insulating layer for a longer period of time. Several elements affect the breakdown process these include:

A
  • the heat of the fire or height of a flame front in a wildfire
  • ambient air temperature
  • prevailing wind conditions.

IFSTA Pumping and Aerial 3rd Edition (12 decks)

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