ch 2 vocab

Question 1

adenoid

Answer 1

The pharyngeal tonsil.

Question 2

airway

Answer 2

The conduit through which all air flows between the external environment and the functional level of gas exchange in the lungs.

Question 3

airway, lower

Answer 3

The portion of the airway below the glottic opening.

Question 4

airway, upper

Answer 4

The portion of the airway above the glottic opening.

Question 5

alveoli

Answer 5

Single-layered air sacs that are the functional site of the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Question 6

arytenoids

Answer 6

Cartilaginous structures that articulate with the corniculate and cuneiform and make up the posterior attachment of the vocal cords.

Question 7

atelectasis

Answer 7

A condition of airless or collapsed alveoli that causes pulmonary shunting, ventilation-perfusion mismatching, and possibly hypoxemia.

Question 8

bronchi

Answer 8

The main branches of the airway that conduct air to and from each lung.

Question 9

bronchioles

Answer 9

Small airways made of smooth muscle that lead to the alveoli.

Question 10

carina

Answer 10

The point where the trachea bifurcates into the right and left mainstem bronchi.

Question 11

cricoid cartilage

Answer 11

The signet ring-shaped cartilaginous structure between the thyroid cartilage and the trachea.

Question 12

bronchoconstriction

Answer 12

Constriction of the smooth muscle in the bronchioles, resulting in decreased airway diameter.

Question 13

cricothyroid membrane

Answer 13

The thin membrane between the cricoid cartilage and the thyroid cartilage.

Question 14

epiglottis

Answer 14

The leaf-shaped flap located between the base of the tongue and the glottic opening, which prevents food and liquid from entering the lower airway.

Question 15

glossoepiglottic ligament

Answer 15

The ligament between the tongue and the epiglottis.

Question 16

glottis

Answer 16

The opening into the airway between the vocal cords, also known as the glottic opening.

Question 17

hyoid bone

Answer 17

The small horseshoe-shaped bone to which major upper airway structures are attached.

Question 18

hypoepiglottic ligament

Answer 18

The ligament between the hyoid bone and the epiglottis.

Question 19

hypopharynx

Answer 19

The inferior-most region of the pharynx located behind the larynx, also known as the laryngopharynx.

Question 20

laryngeal prominence

Answer 20

The Adam’s apple, formed by the thyroid cartilage.

Question 21

laryngopharynx

Answer 21

The inferior-most region of the pharynx located behind the larynx, also known as the hypopharynx.

Question 22

laryngospasm

Answer 22

Spasmodic closure of the vocal cords.

Question 23

larynx

Answer 23

A complex structure formed by the epiglottis, thyroid cartilage, the cricoid cartilage, the arytenoid cartilage, the corniculate cartilage, and the cuneiform cartilage.

Question 24

lingual tonsils

Answer 24

Paired tonsils located at the base of the tongue.

Question 25

nares/nostrils/nasopharynx

Answer 25

The superior-most portion of the pharynx, located behind the nasal passages.

Question 26

oral cavity

Answer 26

The mouth.

Question 27

oropharynx

Answer 27

The region of the pharynx located behind the oral cavity.

Question 28

palate

Answer 28

The roof of the mouth.

Question 29

palate, hard

Answer 29

The anterior three-fourths of the roof of the mouth, formed by the maxilla and the palatine bones.

Question 30

palate, soft

Answer 30

The posterior one-quarter of the palate that is composed of soft tissue.

Question 31

palatine tonsils

Answer 31

Paired lymphatic tissues that lie on the lateral walls of the palatoglossal arch, and anterior to the palatopharyngeal arch.

Question 32

palatoglossal arch

Answer 32

The posterior border of the oral cavity.

Question 33

palatopharyngeal arch

Answer 33

The entrance from the oral cavity into the pharynx.

Question 34

paranasal sinuses

Answer 34

The frontal and maxillary sinuses.

Question 35

pharyngeal tonsil

Answer 35

Single tonsil located on the posterior nasopharygeal wall, which is also known as the adenoid.

Question 36

pharynx

Answer 36

The throat.

Question 37

pyriform fossae

Answer 37

Hollow pockets on the lateral sides of the glottic opening.

Question 38

submental triangle

Answer 38

The block of tissue under the jaw.

Question 39

surfactant

Answer 39

The proteinaceous substance that lines the inside of the alveoli and allows for easy expansion and recoil of the alveoli.

Question 40

thyroepiglottic ligament

Answer 40

The attachment of the thyroid cartilage to the epiglottis.

Question 41

thyroid cartilage

Answer 41

The shield-shaped cartilaginous structure that forms the laryngeal border.

Question 42

uvula

Answer 42

The piece of soft tissue that extends into the palatoglossal arch.

Question 43

vallecula

Answer 43

The anatomic space between the base of the tongue and the epiglottis.

Question 44

Valsalva maneuver

Answer 44

Straining against a closed glottis.

Question 45

vocal cords

Answer 45

The fibrous bands of tissue that vibrate to create speech.