Ch 2: The Person & The Situation Flashcards
Goal
A desired outcome; something one wishes to achieve or accomplish
Motivation
The force that moves people toward desired outcomes
Motive
A high-level goal fundamental to social survival
Attention
The process of consciously focusing on aspects of our environment or ourselves
Automaticity
The ability of a behavior or cognitive process to operate w/o conscious guidance once it’s put in2 motion
Exemplar
A mental representation of a specific episode, event, or individual
Schema
A mental representation capturing the general characteristics of a particular class of episodes, events, or individuals
Priming
The process of activating knowledge of goals, of making them ready for use
Chronically Accessible
The state of being easily activated, or primed, for use
Attitudes
Favorable or unfavorable evaluations of a particular person, object, event, or idea
Emotions
Relatively intense feelings characterized by physiological arousal & complex cognitions
Moods
Relatively long-lasting feelings that diffuse & not directed toward particular targets
Counterfactual Thinking
The process of imagining alternative, “might have been” versions of actual events
Self-Concept
A mental representation capturing our view & beliefs about ourselves
Self-Esteem
Our attitude toward ourselves
Social Comparison
The process though which people come to know themselves by comparing their abilities, attitudes, & beliefs with those of others
Reflected Appraisal Process
The process through which people come to know themselves by observing or imagining how others view them
Self-Perception Process
The process through which people observe their own behavior to infer internal characteristics such as traits, abilities, & attitudes
Self-Regulation
The process through which people select, monitor, & adjust their strategies in an attempt to reach their goals
Self-Presentation
The process through which we try to control the impressions people form of us
Affordance
An opportunity or threat provided by a situation
Descriptive Norm
A norm that defines what is commonly done in a situation
Pluralistic Ignorance
The phenomenon in which people in a group misperceive the beliefs of others b/c everyone acts inconsistently with their beliefs
Injunctive Norm
A norm that described what is commonly approved or disapproved in a situation
Scripted Situation
A situation in which certain events are expected to occur in a particular sequence
Individualistic Culture
A culture that socializes its members to think of themselves as individuals and to give priority to their personal goals
Collectivist Culture
A culture that socializes its members to think of themselves in terms of their relationships & as members of the larger social group, & to prioritize the concerns of their relationship partners & groups before their own
Person-Situation fit
The extent to which a person and a situation are compatible
Socialization
The process whereby a culture teaches its members about its beliefs, cultures, & language
