Ch 2 Reproduction

Question 1

Interphase consists of

Answer 1

G1, S, G2

Question 2

Chromosome may be used to refer to

Answer 2

A single chromatid before s phase, or pair of chromatids after s phase

Question 3

S stage

Answer 3

Cell replicates genetic material so each daughter cell will have identical copies

Question 4

Diploid vs haploid

Answer 4

2 copies of each chromosome vs 1 copy of each chromosome

Question 5

P53

Answer 5

Main protein controlling interphase checkpoints

Question 6

Homologues are

Answer 6

Chromosomes that are given the same number, but are of opposite parental origin

Question 8

Meiosis 1 vs 2

Answer 8

Meiosis 1 goes from diploid germ cell to 2 haploid daughter cells - homologous chromosomes pulled apart. Meiosis 2 is similar to mitosis where sister chromatids are pulled apart, resulting in 4 gametes

Question 9

Sex linked is

Answer 9

X linked

Question 11

Sperm origin to ejaculation (seven up)

Answer 11

Seminiferous tubules (in testes) - epididymis- vas deferens - ejaculatory duct - urethra - penis

Question 12

Sperm nourished by

Answer 12

Sertoli cells in testes

Question 13

Interstitial cells of leydig

Answer 13

In testes, secrete androgens incl testosterone

Question 14

Seminal fluid is produced by

Answer 14

Semifinal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands

Question 15

Spermatogenesis

Answer 15

Formation of haploid sperm. Spermatogonia (2n) - (after s phase) primary spermatocytes (2n)- (after meiosis 1) secondary spermatocytes (n)- (after meiosis 2) spermatids - spermatozoa

Question 16

Egg travel anatomy

Answer 16

Immature ova (eggs) located in ovaries - one egg per month is ovulated into fallopian tube - uterus

Question 17

Oogenesis

Answer 17

Primary oocyte (2n, arrested in prophase 1) - (after meiosis 1) secondary oocyte (n) - arrested in metaphase 2 until fertilization - mature ovum

Question 18

All oogonia a female will have are formed __. By birth, all oogonia have undergone __

Answer 18

During feel development, dna replication (s phase)

Question 19

Sexual development hormonal control

Answer 19

Inc GnRH in hypothalamus - inc FSH and LH in AP

Question 20

Ovaries produce

Answer 20

Estrogen and progesterone

Question 21

Estrogen and progesterone affect on endometrium

Answer 21

Estrogen establishes and progesterone protects the endometrium

Question 22

Menstrual cycle definition

Answer 22

Growth and shedding of endometrial lining, due to the rise and fall of estrogen and progesterone

Question 23

Menstrual cycle phase

Answer 23

Follicular, ovulation, luteal, menstruation

Question 24

Follicular phase

Answer 24

Period occurs due to shedding of uterine lining of previous cycle. Low estrogen and progesterone to start this phase - this causes GnRH to inc, which causes LH and FSH to inc, which causes ovarian follicle development - which inc estrogen

Question 25

Ovulation

Answer 25

Paradoxical inc in estrogen results in + feedback instead of - feedback, LH and FSH levels spike which induces ovulation

Question 26

Luteal phase

Answer 26

High LH following ovulation forms corpus luteum, which secretes estrogen and progesterone. Both estrogen and progesterone levels are high, cause neg feedback and preventing ovulation of multiple eggs

Question 27

Surge of __ induces ovulation

Answer 27

LH

Question 28

Menstruation

Answer 28

LH dec, Corpus luteum loses stimulation, progesterone and estrogen dec, menses occur