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Organic Chemistry 1 > Ch. 2 Polar Covalent Binds And Acids and Bases > Flashcards

Ch. 2 Polar Covalent Binds And Acids and Bases Flashcards

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1
Q

These electrons are bonded and attracted more strongly by one atom than the other.

A

Polar covalent bond

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2
Q

Electron distribution between atoms is not symmetrical.

A

Polar covalent bonds

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3
Q

Intrisitic ability of an atom.yo attract the shared electrons in a covalent bond

A

Electronegativity

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4
Q

Electronegativity across the periodic table increases how?

A

From left to right and bottom to top with upper right being the highest

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5
Q

Halogens attract electrons…

A

strongly

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6
Q

Metals on the left side of the table attract electrons…

A

weakly

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7
Q

Non-polar covalent bond have atoms with ___ EN.

A

Similar

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8
Q

Polar covalent bonds have atoms with EN ____ than 2.

A

less than

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9
Q

Ionic bonds have atoms with EN ___ than 2

A

greater

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10
Q

This is the shifting of electrons in a bond in response to EN of nearby atoms.

A

Inductive effect

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11
Q

What color are electron rich areas on an electrostatic potential map?

A

red

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12
Q

What color are electron poor areas on an electrostatic potential map?

A

blue

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13
Q

The arrows in an electrostatic map indicate what?

A

Direction of bond polarity.

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14
Q

This is a net molecular polarity, due to difference in summed charges.

A

Dipole moment

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15
Q

What is the symbol for a dipole moment.

A

mu

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16
Q

If a molecule has no center of symmetry and the dipoles do not cancel then there is____

A

A dipole moment

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17
Q

If a molecule has a center of symmetry then the dipoles cancel each other out then ___

A

There is no dipole moment

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18
Q

If bond dipoles do not cancel each other out then a molecule will have a ___ ____.

A

dipole moment.

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19
Q

The most polar bond is one that joins the two atoms together with the bigger difference in

A

EN.

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20
Q

The stronger atom with higher EN in a polar bond has a net charge of?

A
  • negative
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21
Q

The weaker atom with a lower EN in a polar bond has a net charge of?

A

+positive

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22
Q

This is comparing the bonding of an atom in the molecule to the valence electron structure.

A

Formal Charges

23
Q

If an atom has one more electron in the molecule it is shown with a __ charge.

A
  • negative
24
Q

If an atom has one less electron in the molecule it is shown with a ___ charge.

A

+positive

25
Q

Molecules that have structures that cannot be shown with a single representation.

A

resonance

26
Q

Resonance forms differ only in the placement of their ___ bonds or ___ electrons.

A

pi or nonbonding

27
Q

The resonance structure is more ___ than any individual resonance form would be.

A

stable

28
Q

The curved arrow on a resonance structure shows what?

A

That a pair of electrons moves from the atom or bond at the tail of the arrow to the atom or bond at the head of the arrow.

29
Q

Any 3 atoms grouping with a __ orbital on each atom has two resonance forms.

A

p

30
Q

This acid is a substance that donates a hydrogen cation (H+)

A

Bronsted acid

31
Q

This base is a substance that accepts a hydrogen cation (H+)

A

Bronsted base

32
Q

This is a symbol for H+

A

a proton

33
Q

This acid is a substance that can accept an electron pair from a base.

A

Lewis acid

34
Q

This base is a substance that can donate an electron lone pair to an acid.

A

Lewis Base

35
Q

This is the negative common logarithm of the ___ used to express acid strength

A

pKa

36
Q

This is the equilibrium constant for the reaction of an acid with water to form a hydronium ion and the conjugate base is a measure related to the strength of the acid.

A

Keq

37
Q

Stonger acids have a ___ Keq.

A

larger

38
Q

Weaker acids have a ___ Keq.

A

smaller

39
Q

This is the acidity constant.

A

Ka

40
Q

Ka ranges from 10^15 for ___ acids and 10^60 for ____ acids.

A

stonger

weaker

41
Q

pKa is similar to___.

A

pH

42
Q

A low pKa = a low pH which is a ___ acid.

A

stronger

43
Q

pKa= -log of?

A

Ka

44
Q

Organic acids area characterized by…

A

the presence of positively polarized hydrogen atoms.

45
Q

These lose a proton from O-H such as methanol and lose a proton from C-H.

A

Organic acids

46
Q

An anion is stabilized by having a ___ charge on a highly electronegative atom and by resonance.

A

negative

47
Q

This is the most common organic bases.

A

Nitrogen containing compounds derived from ammonia

48
Q

These have an atom with a lone pair of electrons that can bond to H+

A

Organic bases

49
Q

Vacant orbitals are ready to accept for which type of acid?

A

Lewis acid

50
Q

Full orbitals are ready to donate for which type of base?

A

Lewis base

51
Q

A + charge on an ion makes it an electron acceptor which is a?

A

which is a lewis acid

52
Q

Organic chemistry is ___ space.

A

3-D

53
Q

This is the most important noncovalent interaction in biological molecules. The forces are result of attractive interaction between a hydrogen bonded to an electronegative atom and an unshared electron pair on another O or N atom.

A

Hydrogen bonds

54
Q

This is the weakest intermolecular force and is a temporary attractive force that results when the electrons in two adjacent atoms occupy positions that make the atoms form temporary dipoles.

A

Dispersion Force

Organic Chemistry 1 (4 decks)

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