Ch 2 - Plants: Revision Flashcards
What are the most important of God’s provisions for life on earth?
green plants
Who recognized that flowers are organs intricately designed for plant reproduction?
Christian Konrad Sprengel
What was Sprengel’s goal with his botanical studies?
Sprengel’s goal was to bring glory to God for the wise design, purpose, and provision placed into His living creation.
What is the primary purpose of a flower?
The primary purpose of a flower is the reproduction of the plant.
Name the four main parts of a flower.
pistil, stamens, petals, sepals
List and define the three parts of a pistil.
- *stigma** - the sticky bit at the top of the pistil
- *ovary** - the large, rounded bottom of the pistil
- *style** - the stalk that connects the stigma to the ovary
What part of the flower produces pollen?
anther (part of the stamen)
What two processes must occur before a seed can form?
pollination and fertilization
Differentiate between pollination and fertilization.
pollination: transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma
fertilization: uniting of a sperm cell from a pollen grain with an egg cell in the ovary
What happens once pollination has occurred?
Once a pollen grain attaches to a stigma, a pollen tube begins growing from the pollen’s location on the stigma, through the style, and into the ovary. The sperm cell then travels through the pollen tube to unite with the egg cell.
What structure contains the embryo of a plant?
the seed
Name the three parts of a typical seed.
embryo, endosperm, seed coat
What is the term for the root of an embryo?
radicle
What is the scientific definition of a fruit?
the ripened ovary of a flower
What is the term for the distributing of seeds after they are mature?
dispersal
Differentiate between mechanical dispersal and agent dispersal.
mechanical: ripened fruit bursts open, scattering the seeds
agent: animals, humans, or physical processes like wind and ocean currents scatter the seeds
Name the part of the flower indicated by the number 1.
the petal
Name the parts of the flower labeled 2, 3, and 4.
- the stamen
- the anther
- the filament
Name the parts of the flower labeled 5 and 6.
- the sepal
- the receptacle
Name the parts of the flower labelled 7 - 11.
- the stigma
- the style
- the ovule
- the ovary
- the pistil
What three things are required for a seed to germinate?
moisture
favourable temperature
oxygen
What major events occur in each of the three stages of germination?
First stage: the seed begins to swell by absorbing or soaking up water
Second stage: the embryo grows a radicle that pushes its way through the softened seed coat and into the ground
Third stage: the plumule emerges above the surface of the ground and the radicle grows into a root system
What is a plant that no longer depends on the cotyledons for nourishment called?
a seedling
How long does it take for an annual to produce seeds?
one growing season
How do biennials differ from perennials?
Biennials: live for two growing seasons, producing flowers and seeds in teh second growing season
Perennials: live from year to year and bloom each growing season
How do botanists classify angiosperms into families?
They classify them by the structures of their flowers and fruit.
Which family of angiosperms contains plants with ray and disk flowers?
composite flower
Which family of plants help return nitrogen to the soil?
the pea family
How do stems of the mint family differ from the stems of other plants?
They are square.
List four ways that monocots and dicots differ from each other.
number of cotyledons (one vs two)
venation (parallel vs branching)
number of petals (multiples of 3 vs multiples of 4 or 5)
type of root system (fibrous vs taproot)
Which of the two main groups of angiosperms includes grasses, lillies, and palm trees?
monocots
What is the purpose of a lily’s bulb?
to store food during the growing season, allowing th eplant to live after its flowers and above-ground leaves and stems have died.
How do corms and rhizomes differ?
corms - thick, vertical underground stems
rhizomes - horizontal stems that grow under the ground
Why are grasses important?
Man and almost all animals depend on grass, directly or indirectly, for their food.
List the three basic shapes of leaves.
broad and flat
long and narrow
needle-like or scale-like
How can we see God’s wisdom in designing plants when we study the arrangement of leaves on a stem?
The location of the leaves on a plant allows each leaf to have maximum exposure to light.
List the three most common leaf arrangements around a plant stem.
opposite
alternate
whorled
How can you tell the difference between a simple leaf and a leaflet?
All leaves have a bud at the base of the petiole; there is no bud at the base of a leaflet.
List the three major patterns of leaf veins.
parallel venation
pinnate venation
palmate venation
What is the food-making process of plants called, and where in the cell does it occur?
photosynthesis; in the chloroplasts
What does a plant do with excess glucose?
It converts it to starch.
What is the purpose of cellular respiration?
The purpose is to produce energy.
Why does photosynthesis not continue during the night like cellular respiration does?
Photosynthesis requires light.
