Ch 1 Review (Invitation to Science) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the purpose of science?

A

Carefully observing natures, discovering the laws of creation, and using those laws for mankind’s benefit.

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2
Q

What are the five main branches of biology?

A

zoology
botany
microbiology
ecology
human anatomy and physiology

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3
Q

What are the five main characteristics all living things have in common?

A

organised structure
growth
respond to changes
reproduction
metabolism

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4
Q

What is the organisational structure of all organisms?

A

cells group together to form tissues which group together to form organs which form systems.

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5
Q

How does most growth in multicellular organisms occur?

A

It occurs by increasing the number of cells through cell division.

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6
Q

How does growth occur in unicellular organisms?

A

It occurs through the absorption of water and other substances.

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7
Q

Why do organisms respond to internal and external changes?

A

All organisms must maintain a stable internal condition called homeostasis in order to survive.

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8
Q

What is an example of the way in which our bodies respond to external changes?

A

In hot weather, our bodies sweat in order to keep cool, and in cold weather, our bodies shiver in order to keep warm.

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9
Q

What is an example of the way in which our bodies respond to internal changes?

A

When the level of oxygen in our bodies decreases, we breath harder and faster to take in more oxygen.

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10
Q

What is the first step in metabolism?

A

cellular respiration (creating ATP)

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11
Q

What do living things need to perform metabolism?

A

adequate water

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12
Q

Where do animals and humans get the energy required by metabolism?

A

The energy comes from nutrients that are ingested.

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13
Q

Which organisms are able to make their own food?

A

Plants (through photosynthesis)

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14
Q

Name some terrestrial environments

A

meadows
deserts
mountains
savannas
jungles
forests

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15
Q

Name some freshwater environments.

A

ponds
lakes
rivers
streams

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16
Q

What are four things trackers can use to identify tracks?

A

size
number of toes
claw marks
movements

17
Q

Who was the first to clearly define the idea of a species?

A

John Ray (1627-1705)

18
Q

What is the primary basis for classifying living things?

A

The primary basis for classifying living things is body structure.

19
Q

Which pioneer of taxonomy was the first to clearly define the idea of a species?

A

John Ray (1627-1705)

20
Q

Who is known as the Father of Taxonomy?

A

Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778)

21
Q

What two scientific languages did Linnaeus use in his classification system?

A

Latin and Latinized Greek

22
Q

Why do scientists prefer an organism’s scientific name over its common name?

A

Common names can vary in different regions, but scientific names are universal.

23
Q

What does an organism’s scientific name consist of?

A

An organism’s scientific name always consists of its genus and species name.

24
Q

What is the order of classification?

A

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

25
Q

What are the six Kingdoms used to classify organisms?

A

Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Animalia
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Protista
Kingdom Eubacteria
Kingdom Archaebacteria

26
Q

Who was the father of the scientific method?

A

Sir Francis Bacon

27
Q

What are the three main parts to the scientific method?

A

observing

hypothesising

experimenting

28
Q

Why is it necessary to repeat an experiment several times to accurately test a hypothesis?

A

A single experiment cannot provide enough evidence to support a conclusion.

29
Q

Why must scientists have a practical understanding of logic?

A

Scientists use logic to develop hypotheses and evaluate experiments.

30
Q

What form of reasoning is used to develop hypotheses?

A

inductive reasoning

31
Q

What form of reasoning is used to make predictions based on a hypothesis?

A

deductive reasoning

32
Q

What term refers to anything that provides a partial representation of something else?

A

model