Ch 1 Review (Invitation to Science) Flashcards
What is the purpose of science?
Carefully observing natures, discovering the laws of creation, and using those laws for mankind’s benefit.
What are the five main branches of biology?
zoology
botany
microbiology
ecology
human anatomy and physiology
What are the five main characteristics all living things have in common?
organised structure
growth
respond to changes
reproduction
metabolism
What is the organisational structure of all organisms?
cells group together to form tissues which group together to form organs which form systems.
How does most growth in multicellular organisms occur?
It occurs by increasing the number of cells through cell division.
How does growth occur in unicellular organisms?
It occurs through the absorption of water and other substances.
Why do organisms respond to internal and external changes?
All organisms must maintain a stable internal condition called homeostasis in order to survive.
What is an example of the way in which our bodies respond to external changes?
In hot weather, our bodies sweat in order to keep cool, and in cold weather, our bodies shiver in order to keep warm.
What is an example of the way in which our bodies respond to internal changes?
When the level of oxygen in our bodies decreases, we breath harder and faster to take in more oxygen.
What is the first step in metabolism?
cellular respiration (creating ATP)
What do living things need to perform metabolism?
adequate water
Where do animals and humans get the energy required by metabolism?
The energy comes from nutrients that are ingested.
Which organisms are able to make their own food?
Plants (through photosynthesis)
Name some terrestrial environments
meadows
deserts
mountains
savannas
jungles
forests
Name some freshwater environments.
ponds
lakes
rivers
streams
What are four things trackers can use to identify tracks?
size
number of toes
claw marks
movements
Who was the first to clearly define the idea of a species?
John Ray (1627-1705)
What is the primary basis for classifying living things?
The primary basis for classifying living things is body structure.
Which pioneer of taxonomy was the first to clearly define the idea of a species?
John Ray (1627-1705)
Who is known as the Father of Taxonomy?
Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778)
What two scientific languages did Linnaeus use in his classification system?
Latin and Latinized Greek
Why do scientists prefer an organism’s scientific name over its common name?
Common names can vary in different regions, but scientific names are universal.
What does an organism’s scientific name consist of?
An organism’s scientific name always consists of its genus and species name.
What is the order of classification?
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
What are the six Kingdoms used to classify organisms?
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Animalia
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Protista
Kingdom Eubacteria
Kingdom Archaebacteria
Who was the father of the scientific method?
Sir Francis Bacon
What are the three main parts to the scientific method?
observing
hypothesising
experimenting
Why is it necessary to repeat an experiment several times to accurately test a hypothesis?
A single experiment cannot provide enough evidence to support a conclusion.
Why must scientists have a practical understanding of logic?
Scientists use logic to develop hypotheses and evaluate experiments.
What form of reasoning is used to develop hypotheses?
inductive reasoning
What form of reasoning is used to make predictions based on a hypothesis?
deductive reasoning
What term refers to anything that provides a partial representation of something else?
model
