Ch 1 Vocabulary (Invitation to Science)

Question 1

What branch of science is the study of living things?

Answer 1

biology

Question 2

What term refers to living things?

Answer 2

organism

Question 3

Which branch of biology is the study of animals and how they live?

Answer 3

zoology

Question 4

Which branch of biology is the study of plants?

Answer 4

botany

Question 5

Which branch of biology is the study of organisms that are too small to see without a microscope?

Answer 5

microbiology

Question 6

Which branch of biology studis how living things interact with their surroundings and each other?

Answer 6

ecology

Question 7

What branch of science studies an organism’s shape and structure?

Answer 7

anatomy

Question 8

What branch of science studies how an organism’s structure functions?

Answer 8

physiology

Question 9

What is the smallest unit of any living thing?

Answer 9

a cell

Question 10

What kind of organism consists of a single cell that performs all of the organism’s functions?

Answer 10

a unicellular organism

Question 11

What kind of organism contains many different types of cells that each serve a different purpose?

Answer 11

a multicellular organism

Question 12

What word means the stable internal condition of an organism?

Answer 12

homeostasis

Question 13

What is the process by which life continues through the generation of new organisms?

Answer 13

reproduction

Question 14

What word refers to the sum of all the chemical processes of life?

Answer 14

metabolism

Question 15

What word refers to the substances in food that provide organisms with energy?

Answer 15

nutrients

Question 16

the process by which organisms use oxygen to convert nutrients into a chemical energy called ATP

Answer 16

cellular respiration

Question 17

Type of symmetry in which an organism can be cut only one way to create right and left halves

Answer 17

bilateral symmetry

Question 18

Type of symmetry in which an organism can be cut multiple ways to create mirror halves

Answer 18

radial symmetry

Question 19

Unable to be cut into equal halves

Answer 19

asymmetrical

Question 20

Everything surrounding an organism being studied

Answer 20

environment

Question 21

refers to land

Answer 21

terrestrial

Question 22

The home of an organism

Answer 22

habitat

Question 23

Active mainly during the day

Answer 23

diurnal

Question 24

Active mainly at night

Answer 24

nocturnal

Question 25

inactive

Answer 25

dormant

Question 26

living in trees

Answer 26

arboreal

Question 27

having to do with water

Answer 27

aquatic

Question 28

Aquatic environment that contains little to no salt

Answer 28

freshwater

Question 29

Environments in the seas and oceans, which contain salt water

Answer 29

marine

Question 30

The area between the highest and lowest points that the tide reaches (beaches, tide pools)

Answer 30

intertidal zone

Question 31

Collections of salt water and sea life that could not escape when the tide went out

Answer 31

tide pools

Question 32

hot spring in the ocean floor

Answer 32

hydrothermal vent

Question 33

The science of classification

Answer 33

Taxonomy

Question 34

A distinct type of organism

Answer 34

species

Question 35

A name that uniquely identifies a species by listing its *genus* and *species* names.

Answer 35

scientific name

Question 36

A system that scientists use to gather and pursue scientific knowledge.

Answer 36

scientific method

Question 37

A sensible explanation to a scientific problem

Answer 37

hypothesis

Question 38

Gathering facts about nature in an organised way

Answer 38

observation

Question 39

data

Answer 39

facts

Question 40

The methodical testing of a hypothesis

Answer 40

experimentation

Question 41

A way of explaining an object or event by using a set of facts

Answer 41

theory

Question 42

A theory that has never been proven false

Answer 42

law

Question 43

A factor that is observed to determine the result of an experiment

Answer 43

a dependent variable

Question 44

The factor that you change to test your hypothesis

Answer 44

an independent variable

Question 45

A factor that is the same for all groups in an experiment

Answer 45

a controlled variable

Question 46

The groups on which a test is performed

Answer 46

experimental groups

Question 47

A group in an experiment that lacks the independent variable and is used as a standard for comparison

Answer 47

control group

Question 48

The study of reasoning

Answer 48

logic

Question 49

A conclusion based on reasoning from evidence

Answer 49

inference

Question 50

Reasoning from evidence to a more specific conclusion. For example, we know from experience that if it is raining, the ground is wet. Therefore, if it is raining, we can conclude that the ground is wet, even if we can't see the ground.

Answer 50

deductive reasoning

Question 51

Reasoning from specific evidence to a more general conclusion

Answer 51

inductive reasoning