Ch. 2 Methodology

Question 1

Hindsight Bias

Answer 1

the tendency for people to exaggerate how much they could have predicted an outcome after known that it occurred

Question 2

Observational Method

Answer 2

the technique whereby a researcher observes people and systematically records measurements or impressions of their behavior

Question 3

Ethnography

Answer 3

the method by which researchers attempt to understand a group or culture by observing it from the inside, without imposing any preconceived notions they might have
-the goal is to understand the richness and complexity of the group by observing it in action

Question 4

Archival Analysis

Answer 4

a form of the observational method in which the researcher examines the accumulated documents of archives of a culture (e.g diaries, novels, magazines, and newspapers)
-enables researchers to describe the content of documents present on the culture

Question 5

Correlational Method

Answer 5

the technique whereby two or more variables are systematically measures and the relationship between them (i.e how much one can be predicted from the other) is assessed

Question 6

Experimental Mehod

Answer 6

the only way to determine causal relationship is with this method
-the method in which the researcher randomly assigns participants to different conditions and ensures that these conditions are identical except or the independent variable (the one through to have a causal effect on peoples responses)

Question 7

Psychological Realism

Answer 7

the extent to which the psychological processes triggered in an experiment are similar to psychological processes that occur in everyday life

Question 8

cross-cultural research

Answer 8

research conducted with members of different cultures to see whether the psychological processes or interests are present in both culture or whether they are specific to the culture in which people were raised

Question 9

external validity

Answer 9

the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to other situations and to other people

Question 10

internal validity

Answer 10

making sure that nothing besides the independent variable can affect the independent variable; that is accomplished by controlling all extraneous variables and by randomly assigning people in different experimental conditiosn