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Ch 2 Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Accessory sex glands

A

Seminal Vesicles

Prostate

Bulbourethral glands

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2
Q

Produce sperm and secrete hormones

A

Testes

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3
Q

Dense white fibrous capsule that extends inward and divides each testis into internal compartments

A

Lobules

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4
Q

Produce sperm by a process called spermatogenesis. Lined with spermatogenic cells

A

Seminiferous tubules

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5
Q

Located between the developing sperm cells in the seminiferous tubules

Support, protect, and nourish spermatogenic cells

Phagocytize degenerating spermatogenic cells

Secrete fluid for sperm transport

Release inhibin - which regulate sperm production

A

Sertoli Cells

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6
Q

Located between the seminiferous tubules

Secrete Testosterone

A

Leydig Cells

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7
Q

Hormone that promotes the development of masculine characteristics

A

Androgen

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8
Q

Promotes a man’s libido

A

Testosterone

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9
Q

Scrotum consists of:

A

Loose skin

Superficial fascia

Smooth muscle

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10
Q

Survival of sperm is optimal at a temperature of:

A

2-3 degrees C below normal body temp

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11
Q

The process by which the seminiferous tubules of the testes produce sperm

A

Spermatogenesis

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12
Q

Three stages of spermatogenesis

A

Meiosis I

Meiosis II

Spermiogenesis

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13
Q

Meiosis

Two chromosomes that make up each pair

A

Homologous chromosomes

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14
Q

Somatic cells contain two sets of chromosomes

A

Diploid cells

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15
Q

Differ from somatic cells because they contain a single set of 23 chromosomes

A

Gametes (haploid)

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16
Q

In sexual reproduction, an organism results from the fusion of:

A

Two gametes, one from each parent

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17
Q

The time from on-set of cell division in a spermatogonium until sperm are released into the lumen of a seminiferous tubule

A

65-75 days

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18
Q

Spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes are:

A

Diploid

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19
Q

Spermatogenesis Cycle

The net effect of _______ is that each resulting cell contains a haploid set of chromosomes

A

Meiosis I

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20
Q

The cells formed by meiosis I are:

A

Haploid secondary spermatocytes

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21
Q

Each chromosome within a secondary spermatocyte is made up of:

A

Two chromatids (2 copies of DNA) still attached by a centromere

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22
Q

Cells formed in this process are termed spermatids, contain 23 chromosomes each of which is composed of a single chromatid

A

Meiosis II

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23
Q

Final stage of spermatogenesis

A

Spermiogenesis

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24
Q

Sperm are produced at a rate of:

A

300 million per day

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25
Once ejaculated, most sperm only survive:
48 hours
26
Part of the sperm that contains DNA
Head
27
A vesicle containing enzymes that aid penetration by the sperm cell into a secondary oocyte
Acrosome
28
Four parts of the sperm cell tail
Neck, middle, principal, end piece (terminal)
29
Part of the sperm that contains mitochondria that provide ATP for locomotion
Middle piece
30
Longest portion of the tail
Principal
31
What propels sperm and fluid through the seminiferous tubules and into the epididymis?
Fluid secreted from Sustentacular cells
32
Comma-shaped organ that lies posterior to the testes
Epididymis
33
Each epididymis consists mostly of the:
Tightly coiled ductus epididymis
34
Site of sperm maturation Sperm acquire the motility and the ability to fertilize a secondary oocyte
Ductus Epididymis
35
How many days does it take in the ductus epididymis for sperm to become mobile?
10-14
36
Stores sperm and helps propel them during sexual arousal by peristaltic contraction of its smooth muscle into the vas deferens
Ductus epididymis
37
Sperm may remain in storage in the ductus epididymis for:
Several months
38
Ascends along the posterior border of the epididymis and penetrates the inguinal canal
Ductus deferens
39
Has a heavy coat of 3 muscles Stores sperm for several months
Ductus deferens
40
Conveys sperm from the epididymis toward the urethra during sexual arousal by peristaltic contractions of the muscular coat
Ductus deferens
41
Supporting structure of the male reproductive system
Spermatic cord
42
The ejaculatory ducts are formed by the union of:
Ductus deferens and seminal vesicles
43
Carry sperm into the urethra
Short ejaculatory ducts
44
Terminal duct of the male reproductive system
Urethra
45
Males The urethra passes through the:
Prostate Deep perineal muscles Penis
46
Pouch-like structures, lying posterior to the base of the urinary bladder and anterior to the rectum
Seminal vesicles
47
Seminal vesicles secrete an alkaline viscous fluid containing:
Fructose Prostaglandins Clotting proteins
48
Used for ATP production by sperm
Fructose
49
Contribute to sperm motility and viability and may also stimulate muscular contraction within the female reproductive tract
Prostaglandins
50
Fluid secreted by the seminal vesicles normally constitute about __% of the volume of semen
60%
51
Single, doughnut-shaped gland about the size of a golf ball
Prostate
52
Prostate size is attained at age 30 and remains stable until:
45
53
Secretes a milky, slightly acidic fluid (6.5) that contains citric acid, phosphatase, and several protein-digesting enzymes
Prostate secretions
54
Can be used by sperm for ATP production via the Krebs cycle
Citric Acid
55
Prostatic secretions make of __% of the volume of semen
25%
56
Size of peas Located inferior to the prostate on either side of the urethra
Bulbourethral glands
57
Secrete an alkaline substance into the urethra glands that protects the passing sperm by neutralizing acids from urine in the urethra
Bulbourethral glands
58
Secrete mucus that lubricates the end of the penis and the lining of the urethra thereby decreasing the number of sperm damaged during ejaculation
Bulbourethral glands
59
Volume of semen in a typical ejaculation
2.5-5 mL
60
___ million sperm per mL
50-150 million
61
Male is likely to be infertile when sperm numbers fall below
20 million per mL
62
pH of semen
7.2-7.7
63
Gives a milky appearance, and fluids from the seminal vesicles and bulbourethral glands give it a sticky consistency
Prostatic secretion
64
Penis consists of:
Root Body Glans penis
65
Penis Two dorsolateral masses are called the:
Corpora cavernosa penis
66
Penis Smaller midventral mass, contains the urethra
Corpus spongiosum penis
67
Covering of glans in an uncircumcised penis
Prepuce (foreskin)
68
What type of impulses cause release of neurotransmitters and local hormones, including the gas nitric oxide, which relaxes vascular smooth muscle in the penile arteries?
Parasympathetic
69
What type of reflex is ejaculation?
Sympathetic, from the lumbar
70
Onset of puberty, neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus increase their secretion of:
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
71
GnRH stimulates the anterior pituitary to increase its secretion of:
Luteinizing hormone (LH) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
72
LH stimulates Leydig cells, which are located between seminiferous tubules, to secrete:
Testosterone
73
Testosterone is synthesized from:
Cholesterol
74
Principal Androgen
Testosterone
75
In some target cells, such as those in the external genitals and prostate, an enzyme converts testosterone to another androgen called:
Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
76
Act together to stimulate spermatogenesis
FSH Testosterone
77
What cells release inhibin, which inhibit FSH secretion by the anterior pituitary?
Sertoli cells
78
Before birth, what stimulates the male pattern of development of reproductive system ducts and the descent of the testes
Testosterone
79
Stimulates development of the external genitals
DHT
80
Testosterone is converted in the brain to ______. Which may play a role in the development of certain regions of the brain in males
Estrogens
81
At puberty, what hormones bring about development and enlargement of the male sex organs and the development of masculine secondary sexual characteristics
Testosterone DHT
82
Anabolic hormones Stimulate protein synthesis
Androgens

GU (8 decks)

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