Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HA Herbalism 101 > Ch 2 L 1: The Immune System > Flashcards

Ch 2 L 1: The Immune System Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Chemistry 101 flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards Sociology 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards Physics 101 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the function of the immune system?

A

protects the body form “not self” entities, such as infections and bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the “Terrain Theory”?

A

the idea that the internal strength of the individual will protect (or fail to protect) them from disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is “Germ Theory”?

A

the idea that disease is caused ONLY by germs, with no other factors playing a part.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How can stress negatively impact overall health and the immune system?

A

Stress releases chemicals that oxidate the blood, leading to damage to the blood vessels. This damage can result in high cholesterol and and increased risk of heart diseases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

a disease-causing oarganism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a microbe?

A

a microscopic pathogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Give at least two examples of microbes.

A

Bacteria
Fungus
Protozoa
Virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is an antigen?

A

any foreign substance that triggers an immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Are all pathogens types of antigens?

A

Yep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Are all antigens types of pathogens?

A

nope, nope, nope!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name at least two examples of immune system failure.

A

Autoimmune
Allergies
Immunodeficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

If the immune system is attacking the body, this is called…

A

Auto immune

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

If the immune system is over reacting to simple antigens (such as pollen, dust, etc.) this is…

A

Allergies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

If the immune system is failing to respod at all, this is…

A

Immunodeficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is an immune respnse?

A

How the body recognizes, responds to, and defends against a pathogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is innate immunity?

A

non-specific defenses present from birth, including cough reflex, tears and saliva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is acquired immunity?

A

After the immune system “meets” a pathogen for the first time, it “remembers” how to fight the pathogen, so that it can “kill” it quicker and more efficiently the next time they meet.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is passive immunity?

A

Antibodies introduced from another organism or individual, such as antibodies passed along in mother’s milk during nursing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Name at least three components of the external immune system.

A 
Skin
Tears
Mucus
Saliva
Stomach acid
Langerhans Cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How does the internal immune system respond to pathogens?

A

Works to identify the pathogen and organize a coordinated attaqck to suppress, contain and/or destroy the pathogen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the function of the lymph system?

A

remove waste, toxins and pathogens by “sweeping” the body and carrying the nasty stuff to lymph nodes for filtration. FUN FACT: they swell during a bacterial infection!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the function of the spleen?

A

a super large lymph node, it filters blood and scrubs down antibody coated bacteria. FUN FACT: Contains 50% of the body’s monocyte population!

23
Q

what is the function of bone marrow?

A

the home of leukocyte production.

24
Q

… what is a leukocyte?

A

white blood cells (the SEAL Team 6 of the immune system!)

25
Q

Name three types of Leukocytes.

A

Granulocytes
Phagocytes
Lymphocytes

26
Q

What do granulocytes do?

A

respond to chemicals from inflammation, parasites, allergies and pathogens

27
Q

name three types of granulocytes.

A

Neutrophils
Basophils
Eosinophils

28
Q

What do phagocytes do?

A

Eat and dispose of pathogens, dead cellular debris, and when needed, use chemical signals to call for more reinforcements.

29
Q

What do lymphocytes do?

A

retain the “pthogen record” to help the body fight better the next time a given pathogen is encountered.

30
Q

Name two types of lymphocytes.

A

T-cells

B-cells

31
Q

Name at least two things that B-cells will respond to.

A

Bacteria
Exposed viruses
Antigens

32
Q

What do B-cells do?

A

Respond to a variety of pathogens, and produce increased amounts of antibodies to neutralize “foreign objects”.

33
Q

Name at least two things that T-cells respond to.

A 
Viruses
Infected cells
Fungi
SOME bacteria
The Self
Transplants
34
Q

What do T-cells do?

A

Cell-to-cell interactions

Cause pathogen infected cells to die (Zombie Hunters)

35
Q

What are antibodies?

A

large proteins that identify and neutralize bacteria and viruses

36
Q

What does the thymus gland do?

A

Produces T-cells in utero, and identifies and destroy corrupt T-cells, while replicating the healthy happy T-cells.

37
Q

Name at least three immunomodulating botanicals.

A 
Ginseng
Licorice
Shiitake
Reishi
Eleuthero
38
Q

Name at least three immune stimulating botanicals.

A 
Astragalus
Echinacea
Garlic
Prickly Ash
Andrographis
39
Q

Give at least three functions of ginseng.

A

CNS stimulant
Adaptogen
Restores and strengthens immune system
Increases life span and growth of healthy cells

40
Q

What is the function of ginseng, in traditional Chinese medicine?

A

Tones the qi

Beneficial to stomach and lungs

41
Q

What is the average adult dosage and preparation for ginseng decoction?

A

Preparation: 1.5 ts. dried root:8 oz. (1 c.) water, decocted for 15 minutes and strained.
Dose: 1 cup (8 oz.) three times a day

42
Q

What part of ginseng is used?

A

roots

43
Q

What is the average adult dosage and preparation of ginseng tincture?

A

Preparation: 1 dried ginseng:5 60% alcohol
Dose: 1-2 mL three times a day

44
Q

What is the scientific name of ginseng?

A

Panax ginseng

45
Q

What part of licorice is used?

A

root

46
Q

what is the scientific name of licorice?

A

Glycyrrhiza glabra

47
Q

When is licorice root contraindicated?

A

Pre-existing high blood pressure, heart disease, liver disease, kidney disease, diabetes, and pregnancy

48
Q

Why is licorice root contraindicated for certain pre-existing conditions?

A

Contains glycyrrhin, which can cause a drop in potassium concentrations, leading to increased blood pressure, weakness, and congestive heart failure.

49
Q

I really want to use licorice root, but I have one of the contraindicated conditions… Can I still use it?

A

YES! Just makes sure to use a deglycyrrhizinated root extract- that is safe to use!

50
Q

Name at least three actions of Licorice.

A 
Anti-spasmodic
Laxative
Anti-inflammatory
Demulcent
Expectorant
51
Q

What are some of the benefits of licorice?

A

antihepatotoxin
Reduces gastric irritation
supports lung health

52
Q

What is the benefit of the glycyrrhizin?

A

increases the production of hydrocortizone, thereby decreasing inflammation, by stimulating the adrenal cortex

53
Q

What are the average adult dosage and decoction ratios for licorice?

A

Ratio- 0.5-1 tsp dried licorice: 8 oz. water, decocted 15 minutes and strained
Dose: 8 oz. (1 cup) three times per day

54
Q

what is the average adult dosage and preparation ratio for licorice tincture?

A

ratio- 1:5 40% alcohol

Dose: 1-3 mL 3x/day

HA Herbalism 101 (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions