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MLS 315 Immunology > Ch 2 Innate Immunity > Flashcards

Ch 2 Innate Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

External defence system

A

Anatomical barriers,

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2
Q

Psoriasin

A

small protein, antibacterial effects against gram negative (E. coli)

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3
Q

Mucous membranes

A

mucus block adherence, respiratory, digestive, genitourinary tract

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4
Q

Surfactants

A

in mucus, produced by epithelial cells and bind to microorganisms

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5
Q

Lysozymes

A

enzyme in tears/saliva, attack gram positive cell wall

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6
Q

Internal defence system

A

includes acute phase reactants, finding and phagocytosis

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7
Q

Acute phase reactants

A

soluble factors that help contact/adherance/bind between microbes and phagocytes, rapid increase/decrease to infection

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8
Q

Positive acute phase reactants

A

Hepatocytes (liver parenchymal cells) produce due to cytokine increase (interleukin-1, 6, TNF) from mono/macro

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9
Q

C-reactive protein (CRP)

A

(calcium dependent) binds to receptors and promotes phagocytosis, similar to antibody (opsonins, agglutination, complement), acute inflammation indicator/vascular disease

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10
Q

Serum amyloid A (SAA)

A

activate mono/macro to increase inflammation, chemical messenger

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11
Q

Alpha-Antitrypsin (AAT)

A

major component of A band in electrophoresis, protease inhibitor released from leukocytes, regulates proimflammatory cytokines (interleukins/TNF), inhibits mono/macro activation (damage/emphysema)

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12
Q

Fibrinogen

A

coagulation (clot) pathway, promote aggregation of RBC/PLT (viscous/heart attack)

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13
Q

Haptoglobin

A

antioxidant protect by irreversibly bind to free Hb from intravascular hemolysis

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14
Q

Ceruloplasmin

A

copper transporting protein in plasma, enzyme converts ferrous Fe2+ to ferric Fe3+, (Wilson’s disease - autosomal recessive genetic disorder copper increase)

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15
Q

Complement C3

A

opsonin, lysis, chemotaxins

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16
Q

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)

A

Neu/eos/mono/mast/epithelial, bind to pathogen, activate phagocytosis

17
Q

Cytokine/Chemokine

A

chemical messengers that make capillaries more permeable and recruit more phagocytes/trigger adaptive immune response

18
Q

Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs)

A

how PRRs tell apart self, only found in microbes (lipopolysaccharide/zymosan)

19
Q

Toll-like receptors (TLR)

A

monocytes/macrophages/dendritic, bind to substance cytokine/chemokine activate (receptors activate immune responses)

20
Q

C-type lectin receptors (CLR)

A

plasma membrane receptors on mono/macro/den/neu/B/T, bind to fungal cell wall

21
Q

Retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-like receptors

A

RNA in viruses in cytoplasm of infected cells and induce inflammatory cytokines/type I interferons(inhibit viral replication/apoptosis)

22
Q

Nucleotide binding oliglomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLR)

A

immune surveillance in cytoplasm, bind to ligands (pamps)

23
Q

Inflammasome

A

NLR, multiprotein unit activate apoptotic proteins and proinflammatory cytokines

24
Q

Inflammation

A

body’s overall reaction to antigen (attract cells to site), erythema (redness), edema (swelling)
1. histamine from mast
2. increased capillary permeability fluids to tissue
3. WBC diapedesis, acute phase reactants
4. macrophage migration
5. APR stim phagocytosis

25
Q

Phagocytosis

A
  1. physical contact
  2. cytoplasm surround
  3. formation of phagosome
  4. fusion of lysosomal granules to phagosome
  5. phagolysosome, lysosomal release contents
  6. digestion
  7. debris release exocytosis
26
Q

Oxidative burst

A

O2 dependent pathway to eliminate pathogens, HMP converts NADP to NADPH (reduced), O2 to O2- (superoxide) to H2O2 and OH- (hypoclorite/bleach)

27
Q

O2 independent pathway

A

NADPH oxidase (enzyme activated by microbe) when phagosome fusion H/K enter alter pH, activates proteases (lytic enzymes like defensins)

28
Q

Defensins

A

cationic proteins, cleave G+-, fungi, virus cell wall w/out O2,

29
Q

NK cells

A

interleukin, interferonA/B (cytokines) enhance NK then NK produce TNF/interferon gamma (recruit T cells), release perforins (pores in target) and granzymes (cell lysis thru pores)

30
Q

Inhibitory receptors (NK)

A

detect class I major histocompatability complex (MHC) proteins on all healthy cells and inhibit NK

31
Q

Activating receptors (NK)

A

activate cytotoxic mechanisms

32
Q

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)

A

antibody coated lysed (tumor), no phagocytosis or complement

33
Q

Innate Lymphoid cells (ILC)

A

mucosal sites, release immunoregulatory cytokines, Interferon gamma (produce superoxide and H peroxide)

MLS 315 Immunology (5 decks)

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