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MLS 315 Immunology > Ch 1 Intro to Immune System > Flashcards

Ch 1 Intro to Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

Immunology

A

Study of a host’s reactions to foreign substances introduced into the body

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2
Q

Antigens

A

Foreign substances that induce a host response (S. aureus, Group A Strep)

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3
Q

Immunity

A

condition of being resistant to infection

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4
Q

Edward Jenner

A

1700s, Smallpox vaccine from Cowpox

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5
Q

Dr. Louis Pasteur

A

1800s, Father of immunology, vaccines

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6
Q

Attenuation

A

Change, make pathogen less virulent through heat, ageing, or chemical means

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7
Q

Humoral Immunity

A

noncellular portions of blood (antibodies) neutralise toxins

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8
Q

Opsonins

A

humoral/circulating factors, coats bacteria and neutralises charge to become more susceptible to phagocytosis

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9
Q

Antibodies

A

serum proteins produced by B cells when exposed to a foreign substance and react specifically with it

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10
Q

Acute-phase reactants (APR)

A

serum factor (inflammation marker) that increases nonspecifically in any infection

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11
Q

Innate/Natural Immunity

A

individual’s ability to resist infection by means of normally present body functions, nonadaptive/nonspecific, same for all pathogens when exposed

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12
Q

Adaptive Immunity

A

characterised by specificity for each individual pathogen/microbial agent and ability to remember prior exposure

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13
Q

Marginating

A

50% of neutrophils in peripheral blood adhere to blood vessel walls, allows diapedesis

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14
Q

Diapedesis

A

movement through blood vessel walls from circulating blood

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15
Q

Chemotaxins

A

chemical messengers cause cells to migrate in particular direction for diapdesis

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16
Q

Alveolar macrophages, Kupffer cells, microglial cells, histiocytes

A

lungs, liver macrophage, brain macrophage, connective tissue macrophage

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17
Q

Macrophages

A

innate - phagocytosis/tumor/parasite, adaptive - present antigens to T cells

18
Q

Mast cells

A

Skin/connective tissues, increase vascular permeability and blood flow, induce and maintain allergy, antigen presenting cell (APC), conduit between innate and adaptive, resemble basophils

19
Q

Dendritic Cells

A

most potent phagocytic cell, most effective APC, captures antigen and travel to lymph node to present to T cell for adaptive immunity

20
Q

Clusters of Differentiation (CD)

A

antibodies reacting similarly with standard cell lines

21
Q

B Cells (humoral)

A

BM->secondary organs, possesses antibody receptors for specific antigens, IgM/IgD, CD19-21, 10-20% lymphocytes

22
Q

Plasma Cells

A

Most fully differentiated B lymph, antibody production, BM/germinal centers in peripheral lymphoid organs/not in blood, abundant cytoplasmic Ig/no surface Ig

23
Q

T cells

A

Produce cytokines to stimulate B cells, kill tumor/virus, regulate innate/adaptive response

24
Q

Cell-mediated immunity

A

immune processes in which T cells have primary role (no antibodies)

25
Q

Helper T Cell (Th)

A

CD4, help B cell antibody production, adaptive

26
Q

Cytotoxic T Cell (Tc)

A

CD8, kill virally infected and tumor cells

27
Q

Regulatory T Cell (Treg)

A

CD4, control actions of other T cells

28
Q

Natural Killer Cell (Innate)

A

CD16/56, mature in BM, no antigen specific receptors/no myeloid and dendritic cell markers (Kill target cells with no former exposure)

29
Q

Secondary lymphoid organs

A

lymphopoiesis occurs here, most contact with foreign antigens,

30
Q

Thoracic duct

A

largest lymphatic vessel, empties to left subclavian vein

31
Q

Periartierior lymphoid sheath PALS (Spleen)

A

Part of white pulp surround central arteries, T cells presented with antigens from dendritic cells

32
Q

Primary follicles (Spleen/Lymph node)

A

contains B cells not yet stimulated by antigens, attached to PALS sheath

33
Q

Marginal Zone (Spleen)

A

contains dendritic cells that trap antigens, surrounds PALS

34
Q

Lymph nodes

A

central collecting point for lymph fluid (filtrate of blood)

35
Q

Outer Cortex (Lymph node)

A

outermost layer, contains macrophages and B cells in primary follicles

36
Q

Paracortex (Lymph node)

A

Mature/immature T cell area surrounding medulla

37
Q

Inner Medulla (Lymph node)

A

contains plasma cells, some T/B/macrophages

38
Q

Afferent Lymphatic Vessels

A

where lymphocytes and foreign antigens enter nodes

39
Q

Secondary Follicles/Germinal Center (Lymph)

A

consists of antigen-stimulated proliferating B cells/interior of secondary follicle (B cell transformation)

40
Q

Memory cells (Lymph)

A

ability for immune system to react quicker to past foreign antigens (develops into plasma cells), dormant B cell in germinal center

MLS 315 Immunology (5 decks)

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