Ch. 2 Health Demography Flashcards
Define demography:
Quantitative scientific study of human populations,
including its size, distribution, composition and the factors
that determine changes in its size, distribution and
composition.
Define population:
All the inhabitants of a country, territory or geographic
area, in total or by sex and/or age groups, at a specific
point of time.
Demography focuses on: (5)
(1) size
(2) distribution
(3) composition
(4) population dynamics
(5) socioeconomic determinants and
consequences of population change
What are the different classifications of demography? (2)
- static demography
- dynamic demography
Define static demography:
Study at a given moment of the size, structure and general
characteristics of the population of a given territorial area.
What are the data sources for static demography? (3)
- Census
- Registers (civil registration)
- Surveys
Which type of demography is one of the basic and easy
descriptive tools?
Static demography - population pyramids
What is the vertical axis on population pyramids?
corresponds to the
age.
What is the horizontal axis on population pyramids?
corresponds to the
percentage (or
number) of
inhabitants
What happens if you rotate the population pyramid?
you can see
the values as a bar
chart
What are the three basic morphologies of population pyramids?
1.- A pyramid or pagoda: young populations
with high birthrate
2.- Bell-shaped: stationary population
3.- Bulb-shaped or piggy bank: regressive
populations with low birth rates.
What does a bell-shaped population pyramid suggest?
stationary population
What does a pyramid/pagodal-shaped population pyramid suggest?
young populations with high birthrate
What does a bulb-shaped / piggy bank population pyramid suggest?
regressive
populations with low birth rates.
What is another name for a pyramid shaped population pyramid?
pagoda
What is another name for a bulb-shaped population pyramid?
piggy bank
What is the dependency ratio?
It is an age-population ratio of those typically not in the labor
force (the dependent part) and those typically in the labor
force (the productive part)
What is the dependent part of the dependency ratio?
youth <15 years & adults >65 years
What is the productive part of the dependency ratio?
ages 15-64
Define dynamic demography
Study of CHANGES in the size, structure and geographic
distribution of populations.
What regulates dynamic demography (3)
- Natality. Birth statistics
- Mortality. Death statistics
- Migratory movements. Immigration and emigration
What is the purpose of dynamic demography? (2)
- Allows future population projections.
- It is a basic tool for health planning and programming.
Crude birth rate is calculated for _______ demography
dynamic
Fertility rate is calculated for _____ demography
dynamic
dependency ratio is calculated for _______ demography
static
What factors influence birth and fertility rate (3)
- Number of women of childbearing age
- Age first pregnancy
- Economic, social, cultural and religious
Define total fertility rate
number of children that would be born to a woman
if she were alive at the end of her childbearing period and bearing
children in accordance with age-specific fertility rates
What is the other term for total fertility rate?
average number of children per woman
What does the swaroop index indicate?
The higher the level of health of a population the closer to 100%
define Postneonatal mortality rate
> 1 month and <1 year old
define Early neonatal mortality rate
first week
define Late neonatal mortality rate
2nd, 3rd, 4th week
define Prenatal mortality rate
fetal deaths
define Maternal mortality
maternal deaths –pregnancy and childbirth per
100,000 live births in same time period
How many phases of demographic transition are there?
4 phases
What is phase one of the demographic transition?
- High birth rate
- fluctuating death rate
- ex. afghanistan, uganda, zambia
What is phase two of the demographic transition?
declining birth and death rates
ex. ghana, guatemala, iraq
What is phase three of the demographic transition?
birthrate approaching replacement (2.1)
ex. india, gabon, malaysia
What is phase four of the demographic transition?
- low to very low birth rate
- very low death rate
- ex. brazil, germany, japan
Why are causes of death important?
establish prevention priorities
What is the first external cause of deaths?
suicide
leading cause of death related with cancer is ____ (2) for men and ______ women….
men: lung&bronchus
women: breast
Define avoidable mortality (2)
The study of causes of death in each age group lead us to know:
• Unnecessarily premature and sanitary avoidable mortality.
• Potential years of life lost: DALYs
define life expectancy at birth
Average number of future life years
What does life expectancy at birth indicate?
health of a population
