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Epidemiology > Ch. 2 Health Demography > Flashcards

Ch. 2 Health Demography Flashcards

1
Q

Define demography:

A

Quantitative scientific study of human populations,
including its size, distribution, composition and the factors
that determine changes in its size, distribution and
composition.

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2
Q

Define population:

A

All the inhabitants of a country, territory or geographic
area, in total or by sex and/or age groups, at a specific
point of time.

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3
Q

Demography focuses on: (5)

A

(1) size
(2) distribution
(3) composition
(4) population dynamics
(5) socioeconomic determinants and
consequences of population change

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4
Q

What are the different classifications of demography? (2)

A
  • static demography

- dynamic demography

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5
Q

Define static demography:

A

Study at a given moment of the size, structure and general

characteristics of the population of a given territorial area.

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6
Q

What are the data sources for static demography? (3)

A
  • Census
  • Registers (civil registration)
  • Surveys
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7
Q

Which type of demography is one of the basic and easy

descriptive tools?

A

Static demography - population pyramids

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8
Q

What is the vertical axis on population pyramids?

A

corresponds to the

age.

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9
Q

What is the horizontal axis on population pyramids?

A

corresponds to the
percentage (or
number) of
inhabitants

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10
Q

What happens if you rotate the population pyramid?

A

you can see
the values ​as a bar
chart

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11
Q

What are the three basic morphologies of population pyramids?

A

1.- A pyramid or pagoda: young populations
with high birthrate
2.- Bell-shaped: stationary population
3.- Bulb-shaped or piggy bank: regressive
populations with low birth rates.

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12
Q

What does a bell-shaped population pyramid suggest?

A

stationary population

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13
Q

What does a pyramid/pagodal-shaped population pyramid suggest?

A

young populations with high birthrate

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14
Q

What does a bulb-shaped / piggy bank population pyramid suggest?

A

regressive

populations with low birth rates.

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15
Q

What is another name for a pyramid shaped population pyramid?

A

pagoda

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16
Q

What is another name for a bulb-shaped population pyramid?

A

piggy bank

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17
Q

What is the dependency ratio?

A

It is an age-population ratio of those typically not in the labor
force (the dependent part) and those typically in the labor
force (the productive part)

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18
Q

What is the dependent part of the dependency ratio?

A

youth <15 years & adults >65 years

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19
Q

What is the productive part of the dependency ratio?

A

ages 15-64

20
Q

Define dynamic demography

A

Study of CHANGES in the size, structure and geographic

distribution of populations.

21
Q

What regulates dynamic demography (3)

A
  • Natality. Birth statistics
  • Mortality. Death statistics
  • Migratory movements. Immigration and emigration
22
Q

What is the purpose of dynamic demography? (2)

A
  • Allows future population projections.

- It is a basic tool for health planning and programming.

23
Q

Crude birth rate is calculated for _______ demography

A

dynamic

24
Q

Fertility rate is calculated for _____ demography

A

dynamic

25
Q

dependency ratio is calculated for _______ demography

A

static

26
Q

What factors influence birth and fertility rate (3)

A
    • Number of women of childbearing age
    • Age first pregnancy
    • Economic, social, cultural and religious
27
Q

Define total fertility rate

A

number of children that would be born to a woman
if she were alive at the end of her childbearing period and bearing
children in accordance with age-specific fertility rates

28
Q

What is the other term for total fertility rate?

A

average number of children per woman

29
Q

What does the swaroop index indicate?

A

The higher the level of health of a population the closer to 100%

30
Q

define Postneonatal mortality rate

A

> 1 month and <1 year old

31
Q

define Early neonatal mortality rate

A

first week

32
Q

define Late neonatal mortality rate

A

2nd, 3rd, 4th week

33
Q

define Prenatal mortality rate

A

fetal deaths

34
Q

define Maternal mortality

A

maternal deaths –pregnancy and childbirth per

100,000 live births in same time period

35
Q

How many phases of demographic transition are there?

A

4 phases

36
Q

What is phase one of the demographic transition?

A
  • High birth rate
  • fluctuating death rate
  • ex. afghanistan, uganda, zambia
37
Q

What is phase two of the demographic transition?

A

declining birth and death rates

ex. ghana, guatemala, iraq

38
Q

What is phase three of the demographic transition?

A

birthrate approaching replacement (2.1)

ex. india, gabon, malaysia

39
Q

What is phase four of the demographic transition?

A
  • low to very low birth rate
  • very low death rate
  • ex. brazil, germany, japan
40
Q

Why are causes of death important?

A

establish prevention priorities

41
Q

What is the first external cause of deaths?

A

suicide

42
Q

leading cause of death related with cancer is ____ (2) for men and ______ women….

A

men: lung&bronchus
women: breast

43
Q

Define avoidable mortality (2)

A

The study of causes of death in each age group lead us to know:
• Unnecessarily premature and sanitary avoidable mortality.
• Potential years of life lost: DALYs

44
Q

define life expectancy at birth

A

Average number of future life years

45
Q

What does life expectancy at birth indicate?

A

health of a population

Epidemiology (6 decks)

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