Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Epidemiology > Ch. 1 > Flashcards

Ch. 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Who’s definition of health is this & in what year: “ is the perfect, continuing adjustment
of an organism to its environment”

A
  • 1970

- Wyllie

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Who’s definition of disease is this & in what year: “ is an imperfect, continuing
adjustment of an organism to its environment”

A
  • 1970

- Wyllie

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the parts of the “iceberg”

A 
above water: signs and symptoms
under:
  - undetected disease
  -risk factors
  -vulnerability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Who’s definition of health is this & in what year: “A state of complete physical, social and
mental well-being, and not merely the absence
of disease or infirmity”

A
  • 1946

- WHO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the issues with the WHO’s definition of health?

A
  • wellness does not equal health (utopic)

- static and subjective definition (ex. feeling well)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the positives with the WHO’s definition of health?

A

positive definition and includes all dimensions of human life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Who’s definition of health is this & in what year: “State of physical, mental and social wellbeing
and ability to function, and not merely
the absence of illness or infirmity”

A
  • 1980
  • Terrys

Note that the term ability to function is objective

-subjective would be “feeling well”

This deifiniton is objective and dynamic (health degrees)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Who’s definition of health is this & in what year: “High level of physical, mental and social wellbeing and ability to function”

A
  • 1985

- Salleras

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define determinants of health

A

The range of personal, social, economic and
environmental factors which determine the health
status of individuals or populations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the Lalonde health factors? what year? (4)

A

-1974
1. Genetic and biological factors.
2. Behavioural and attitudinal factors (lifestyle
factors).
3. Environmental factors (physical, chemical and
biological contaminators and economic, social and
cultural factors).
4. The organization of health care systems.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Marc Lalonde

A

need to put info for this weird ass slide. plz help

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Tarlov

A

need to put info for this weird ass slide. plz help

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

EXAMPLE OF HEALTH

DETERMINANTS: TOOTH DECAY (4)

A

 Biological factors: age, individual disease resistance.
 Environmental: source of fluoride available for large
groups of population. Fluoride can be obtained from
fluoridated drinking water, salt, milk and toothpaste, as
well as from professionally-applied fluoride or mouth rinse.
 Lifestyle: unhealthy sugar diet, poor oral hygiene, tobacco
use and harmful alcohol use.
 Dental care. Availability and accessibility of oral health
services.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What scientists/inventions helped cause the decline in tuberculosis? In what years? (3)

A
  • 1882: Robert Koch-mycobacterium tuberculosis
  • 1943-1945: Chemotherapy-Praamino salicylic acid / thiosemicarbazone
  • 1974: Vaccination - BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Public health aims to: (3)

A
  • Protect, foment and promote the welfare of the healthy population
  • Restore and re-establish health when it is lost
  • Rehabilitate and reintegrate the sick, intergrated into social, professional and cultural media
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Public health is a complex dicipline that extracts knowldge from a variety of sciences, specifically:

A

epidemiology

17
Q

Define prevention:

A

Any measure that reduces the likelihood of a

disease, or stops it, or slows its progression.

18
Q

Define primary prevention: (3)

A
  • Before the disease appears
  • Vaccination/ improve workplace
  • Whole population through public health policy
19
Q

Define secondary prevention: (3)

A
  • Intervene in pre-symptomatic phase
  • Cancer screening/ tooth decay screening
  • Whole population, selected groups and healthy individuals
20
Q

Define tertiary prevention: (3)

A
  • Reduce complications, cure, rehabilitate
  • Usual health care
  • Selected individuals with high risk patients
21
Q

Define quaternary prevention:

A

Avoid iatrogeny

22
Q

What are the factors contributing to health inequities? (3)

A
  • Structural factors
  • Lifestyle factors
  • Health services factors
23
Q

Define health inequities: (3)

A

A difference in health (inequality) that is

  • systematic
  • socially produced (modifiable)
  • and unfair
24
Q

What is the difference between inequities and inequalities

A

result of free choice.

Choice: yes = Inequality
Choice: no = inequality of inequities

25
Q

What is the difference between inequities and inequalities when there are no free choices?

A

Acceptable inequality: the circumstances cannot be modified / controlled by humans

Unacceptable inequality/inequity: The circumstances could be modified / controlled by humans

26
Q

What are acceptable inequalities? (2)

A
  1. It is a result of free choice

2. It is not a result of free choice, however, circumstances cannot be modified/controlled by humans

27
Q

What is an unacceptable inequality (3)

A
  • it is an inequity
  • an unfair or immoral act
  • a result of no free choice and the circumstances could be modified/controlled by humans
28
Q

What are the 3 administrative levels in spain’s national health system?

A
  1. Central
  2. Regional
  3. Local
29
Q

What does the central administrative level in spain’s national health system do? (2)

A

Ministry of Health (Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo):
Establishes general criteria for health coordination.

-It does not provide health care.

30
Q

What does the regional administrative level in spain’s national health system do?

A

Each region manages their own health care services

since 2004.

31
Q

What does the local administrative level in spain’s national health system do?

A

No provision of health care

City of Madrid and Barcelona are exceptions to this

32
Q

What are the different health care levels? (2)

A
  • Primary health care (first level)

- Specialized health care (secondary level)

33
Q

Define primary health care: (2)

A

-The health areas are divided in basic health zones with a
Primary Healthcare Center for each zone.

-The primary health care professionals are general
practitioners, paediatricians, nurses, social workers and
dentists.

34
Q

Define specialized health care: (2)

A

-Satisfy the welfare needs related with more complex health
problems.
-There are specialized centers and hospitals.

Epidemiology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions