Ch. 1 Flashcards
Who’s definition of health is this & in what year: “ is the perfect, continuing adjustment
of an organism to its environment”
- 1970
- Wyllie
Who’s definition of disease is this & in what year: “ is an imperfect, continuing
adjustment of an organism to its environment”
- 1970
- Wyllie
What are the parts of the “iceberg”
above water: signs and symptoms under: - undetected disease -risk factors -vulnerability
Who’s definition of health is this & in what year: “A state of complete physical, social and
mental well-being, and not merely the absence
of disease or infirmity”
- 1946
- WHO
What are the issues with the WHO’s definition of health?
- wellness does not equal health (utopic)
- static and subjective definition (ex. feeling well)
What are the positives with the WHO’s definition of health?
positive definition and includes all dimensions of human life
Who’s definition of health is this & in what year: “State of physical, mental and social wellbeing
and ability to function, and not merely
the absence of illness or infirmity”
- 1980
- Terrys
Note that the term ability to function is objective
-subjective would be “feeling well”
This deifiniton is objective and dynamic (health degrees)
Who’s definition of health is this & in what year: “High level of physical, mental and social wellbeing and ability to function”
- 1985
- Salleras
Define determinants of health
The range of personal, social, economic and
environmental factors which determine the health
status of individuals or populations
What are the Lalonde health factors? what year? (4)
-1974
1. Genetic and biological factors.
2. Behavioural and attitudinal factors (lifestyle
factors).
3. Environmental factors (physical, chemical and
biological contaminators and economic, social and
cultural factors).
4. The organization of health care systems.
Marc Lalonde
need to put info for this weird ass slide. plz help
Tarlov
need to put info for this weird ass slide. plz help
EXAMPLE OF HEALTH
DETERMINANTS: TOOTH DECAY (4)
Biological factors: age, individual disease resistance.
Environmental: source of fluoride available for large
groups of population. Fluoride can be obtained from
fluoridated drinking water, salt, milk and toothpaste, as
well as from professionally-applied fluoride or mouth rinse.
Lifestyle: unhealthy sugar diet, poor oral hygiene, tobacco
use and harmful alcohol use.
Dental care. Availability and accessibility of oral health
services.
What scientists/inventions helped cause the decline in tuberculosis? In what years? (3)
- 1882: Robert Koch-mycobacterium tuberculosis
- 1943-1945: Chemotherapy-Praamino salicylic acid / thiosemicarbazone
- 1974: Vaccination - BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination)
Public health aims to: (3)
- Protect, foment and promote the welfare of the healthy population
- Restore and re-establish health when it is lost
- Rehabilitate and reintegrate the sick, intergrated into social, professional and cultural media
Public health is a complex dicipline that extracts knowldge from a variety of sciences, specifically:
epidemiology
Define prevention:
Any measure that reduces the likelihood of a
disease, or stops it, or slows its progression.
Define primary prevention: (3)
- Before the disease appears
- Vaccination/ improve workplace
- Whole population through public health policy
Define secondary prevention: (3)
- Intervene in pre-symptomatic phase
- Cancer screening/ tooth decay screening
- Whole population, selected groups and healthy individuals
Define tertiary prevention: (3)
- Reduce complications, cure, rehabilitate
- Usual health care
- Selected individuals with high risk patients
Define quaternary prevention:
Avoid iatrogeny
What are the factors contributing to health inequities? (3)
- Structural factors
- Lifestyle factors
- Health services factors
Define health inequities: (3)
A difference in health (inequality) that is
- systematic
- socially produced (modifiable)
- and unfair
What is the difference between inequities and inequalities
result of free choice.
Choice: yes = Inequality
Choice: no = inequality of inequities
What is the difference between inequities and inequalities when there are no free choices?
Acceptable inequality: the circumstances cannot be modified / controlled by humans
Unacceptable inequality/inequity: The circumstances could be modified / controlled by humans
What are acceptable inequalities? (2)
- It is a result of free choice
2. It is not a result of free choice, however, circumstances cannot be modified/controlled by humans
What is an unacceptable inequality (3)
- it is an inequity
- an unfair or immoral act
- a result of no free choice and the circumstances could be modified/controlled by humans
What are the 3 administrative levels in spain’s national health system?
- Central
- Regional
- Local
What does the central administrative level in spain’s national health system do? (2)
Ministry of Health (Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo):
Establishes general criteria for health coordination.
-It does not provide health care.
What does the regional administrative level in spain’s national health system do?
Each region manages their own health care services
since 2004.
What does the local administrative level in spain’s national health system do?
No provision of health care
City of Madrid and Barcelona are exceptions to this
What are the different health care levels? (2)
- Primary health care (first level)
- Specialized health care (secondary level)
Define primary health care: (2)
-The health areas are divided in basic health zones with a
Primary Healthcare Center for each zone.
-The primary health care professionals are general
practitioners, paediatricians, nurses, social workers and
dentists.
Define specialized health care: (2)
-Satisfy the welfare needs related with more complex health
problems.
-There are specialized centers and hospitals.
