Ch. 2 Constructive terms of Bldg. Construction

Question 1

A beam is a horizontal structural member subject to compression, tension & sheer. A beam can be supported in what 3 ways?

Answer 1

Cantilever support-Supported @ 1 end (least stable)
Simple support-Supported @ both ends (more stable than the cantilever)
Continuous support-Supported @both ends and the center (most stable)

Question 2

Balloon Construction has studs on the exterior walls that extend continuously from the foundation sill to the top plate near the attic. What is the major drawback in this type of construction in regards to fire, smoke and heat?

Answer 2

Fire, smoke and heat can spread from the cellar area or intermediate floors to the attic space between the exterior wall studs.

Question 3

Braced frame construction uses post & girts connected by mortise & tenon joints. In this type of construction the exterior walls often fail in what type of collapse?

Answer 3

This construction often collapses in an inward/outward type of collapse where the top of the wall collapses inward on top of the pancaked floors and the bottom of the wall collapses outward onto the street.

Question 4

From a fire protection view, platform construction is superior to balloon & braced frame construction because there are no concealed wall voids for more than how many floor levels?

Answer 4

1 floor level

Each floor is completed prior to the next floor level being built on top of it?

Question 5

A Butress (wall column) is a reinforcement or brace built on the outside of a bldg. If constructed on the inside of a wall it is called a?

Answer 5

Pilister

Question 6

The presence of a buttress on an exterior wall can indicate where what are supported by a bearing wall? (Can be 2 different answers)

Answer 6

Roofs trusses or girders

Question 7

Deflection is a bend, twist, or curve of a structural member under load. A deflection, when visible, is an indication of a?

Answer 7

Possible collapse

Question 8

A façade is the front or face of a Bldg. What 4 types of façades can included as a collapse danger?

Answer 8

Marquees, cornices, Canopies, and parapet walls

Question 9

Force is defined as the cause of a motion, a change of motion or a stoppage of motion. A force that is acting on a structure can be internal or external.
External forces are_______ while Internal forces are_______.
Fill in the Blanks

Answer 9

LOADS, STRESSES

Loads=Wind, impact ,live, dead, seismic and fire.
Stresses=Compressive, tension and sheer

Question 10

A KIP is often used for stating the strength of steel. 1 KIP equals how many pounds

Answer 10

1 KIP=1000 lbs.

Question 11

Loads that can cause a collapse during a fire are?

Hint: “FLID”

Answer 11

Fire, live, impact, dead

Question 12

5 major loads that must be considered in the design of a Bldg.?
Hint “WILDS”

Answer 12

Wind, impact, live, dead, seismic

Question 13

The 3 ways a load can be imposed upon a supporting structural member are?

Answer 13

Axial, eccentric and torsional

Question 14

AN axial load is a load that passes through the _____ of a structural member.
Fill in the blank

Answer 14

passes through the CENTER of a structural member.

Question 15

An Eccentric load is transmitted what way through a structural member?

Answer 15

Off center or unevenly

Question 16

A Torsional load creates what type of stress on a structural member?

Answer 16

Twisting stress

Question 17

The seven primary structural members are:
Bearing walls
columns
Girders
headers
hip rafters
Ridgepoles
trimmer floor beams
True or false?

Answer 17

True

Question 18

A private dwelling with a hip roof has how many primary structural members?

Answer 18

***NEW***
9 
4 bearing walls,
1 Ridgepole,
4 hip rafters

Question 19

A fire wall is a non bearing, self supporting wall designed to prevent the passage of fire from one side to the other. A fire wall MUST be independent of the_______ structures on each side?

Answer 19

The ROOF structures

Question 20

The portion of an exterior wall which is between the top of one window opening and the bottom of another window opening is known as a?

Answer 20

Spandrel wall

Question 21

A collapse zone danger may require FF’s to be away from a dangerous wall at a distance equal to the height of the wall or a distance equal to?

Answer 21

NEW

1 1/2-2 times the height of the wall