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New World History > Ch 2: Cold Lands of North > Flashcards

Ch 2: Cold Lands of North Flashcards

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0
Q

What are glaciers?

A

Large masses of ice that flow slowly over land

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1
Q

What is another name for the northern lights?

A

Aurora borealis

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2
Q

From where do most of the Northern Hemisphere’s icebergs originate?

A

western Greenland

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3
Q

Why is the fur seal an important animal to people of the Arctic?

A

It is used for food, clothing, light and heat

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4
Q

Why is the tundra called “The Land of the Midnight Sun”?

A

There are days during the summer when the sun never sets

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5
Q

What is the name used for permanently frozen ground?

A

Permafrost

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6
Q

What are the people of northern Alaska called?

A

Eskimos

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7
Q

What are the people of Greenland and northern Canada called?

A

Inuits

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8
Q

How did people travel over snow and ice?

A

Dog sleds

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9
Q

What kinds of boats did Inuits/Eskimos use?

A

Kayaks and umiaks, which were boats made of skins stretched over a frame

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10
Q

Why have many Eskimos moved into towns and villages?

A

There are not enough animals for them to hunt

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11
Q

Who was the famous missionary who went to the Canadian Inuits and their neighbors?

A

Sir Wilfred Grenfell

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12
Q

What two terms are used for the vast forest that covers much of northern Canada and Alaska?

A

Boreal forest, taiga

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13
Q

How did the Indians use the paper birch?

A

They used the papery bark for canoes and baskets and as a substitute for paper

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14
Q

Which animal has done the most to shape the landscape of North America?

A

the beaver

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15
Q

Name five American Indian tribes of the Far North.

A

Cree, Ottawa, Yellowknife, Beaver, Ojibwa

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16
Q

How did the children of the people of the Far North learn how to survive?

A

Their parents taught them what they needed to know

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17
Q

What do we call the area between the North Pole and the northern timberline of Europe, North America and Asia?

A

Arctic

18
Q

What is the smallest and coldest ocean?

A

Arctic Ocean

19
Q

What is the world’s largest island, and the main source of icebergs in the Northern Hemisphere?

A

Greenland

20
Q

What is the treeless Arctic plains north of the timberline?

A

Tundra

21
Q

What is a kayak?

A

A one-man boat constructed of seal skin stretched over a frame

22
Q

What is a harpoon?

A

A spearlike weapon made of wood or bone with a barbed head used for hunting

23
Q

What is the taiga?

A

Northern woods south of the tundra

24
Q

What is pemmican?

A

A mixture of dried meat pounded together with fat and berries

25
Q

What is a piece of a glacier that has broken off into the sea?

A

Iceberg

26
Q

What is the thick layer of fat found on fur seals?

A

Blubber

27
Q

What are long, hooded jackets made of fur?

A

Parkas

28
Q

What are cone-bearing trees called?

A

Conifers

29
Q

What are tree called that keep their leaves all year long?

A

Evergreens

30
Q

What are the most numerous and varied trees in the world?

A

Broadleaf

31
Q

What are trees called that lose their leaves in autumn?

A

Deciduous

32
Q

Who was the Viking who founded the first European settlement in Greenland?

A

Erik the Red

33
Q

Which sea bird migrates farther than any other bird?

A

Arctic tern

34
Q

What is another term for North American reindeer?

A

Caribou

35
Q

What are lemmings?

A

Little rodents that look like fat, round mice

36
Q

What is North America’s largest rodent?

A

the beaver

37
Q

What bird of prey is also called the “king of the birds”?

A

Golden eagle

38
Q

What bird is known as the “white-headed” bird?

A

Bald eagle

39
Q

What is the timberline?

A

The point beyond which trees cannot grow

40
Q

What is another name for the aurora borealis?

A

Northern lights

41
Q

Name the coldest regions of the earth.

A

Frigid zones

42
Q

Name the snow house usually built for temporary shelter while traveling.

A

Igloo

43
Q

What another term for “taiga?”

A

Boreal forest

New World History (11 decks)

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