Ch 2- Class Notes Flashcards
Types of Liabilities
Debt
Payable
Other, like pensions
Book Value of Equity
Assets - Liabilities
Where can you get market value
NOT FROM FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, you need market data
Marginal Tax Rate
What you pay in the top tax bracket (this is what you think about for companies)
For the CCA rule we use what>
the one and a half times rule
How are Assets organized
most to least liquid
c
t
a
n
i
s
p
Current Assets- Current Liabilities= ?
Net Working Capital
What is Net Working Capital
The money you will have to keep the business running (the money in the till)
Formula: Current Assets- Current Liabilities
-Positive: you will recieve more cash than the amount of cash that will be paid out (healthy firm)
What are Current Assets
They will be turned into cash within the next year
What are Fiixed Assets
- tangible fixed assets
- Intangible fixed assets
Fixed assets are not there to be sold, but there to be used to make money
Do very large firms have lots of net working capital
NO! they can run with little to no net working capital! (they borrow money as needed)
when big firms need money they dont reach into cash pools they just borrow from banks
What is a problem with liquidity?
Liquid assets earn a lower return! Hard to make more money on cash (low returns on cash)
You need a good amount of liquidity, but you dont want a lot of this asset that doesnt create a large return
Book Value of an asset
Value according to the balance sheet
Market Value of An asset
this is WHAT WE CARE MORE ABOUT !!
IFRS
This uses the histroical method (the cost of the purchase) but also sometimes uses the revaluation method (fair value in certain cases)
When can we use the revaluation method in IFRS
when you can prove that an asset calss should ve revalued
Revaluation shoul dbe performed regularly to ensure carryign amount is not materially different from fair value
is net fixed asset a current asset or non current asset
non current asset
Matching principle- IFRS
IFRS says to show revenue when it accrues and match the expenses required to generat ethe revenue
When do you report revenues and expenses
when they OCCUR, you record accruals & then as recievables
Is interest taken out first or taxes from EBIT
INTEREST!!! even before taxes
Earnings per share formula
Net income- dividends for shareholders/ average # of weighted outstanding shares
Earnings/Share
CFFA
Cash flow from assets= Cash Flow to Bondholders (CREDITORS) + Cash Flow to Shareholders (OWNERS)
or
CFFA= Operating Cash Flow- Net Capital Spending- Changes in NWC
these are the same thing!!
EXPLORING CFFA FORMULA
Where can operating Cash flow go?
1. if the firm doesn’t want to expand or reinvest it
2. if they want to reinvest it back to the firm?
3. if the funds aren’t needed by investors and you don’t have any fixed assets you need to purchase?
- back to investors (bondholders, shareholders)
- Net Capital Spending (the money goes back into the firm)
- Net additions to working capital
What is the formula for operating cash flow
EBIT (Operating Income) + Depreciation - Taxes
