Ch. 2 Biology of Behavior

Question 1

the brain and spinal cord

Answer 1

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Question 2

the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the body

Answer 2

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 3

the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy

Answer 3

Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 4

the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations

Answer 4

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 5

basic units of the nervous system capable of communication and transmitting information

Answer 5

Neurons

Question 6

space between the sending axon and the receiving dendrite

Answer 6

Synapse

Question 7

fibers that receive neural messages

Answer 7

Dendrite

Question 8

end point of the axon

Answer 8

Terminal button

Question 9

fiber that sends a neural message; each neuron only has one

Answer 9

Axon

Question 10

the central portion of the cell; plays the role of summation

Answer 10

Cell body

Question 11

chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons
ex. Dopamine, serotonin, endorphins

Answer 11

Neurotransmitters

Question 12

neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain and the spinal cord

Answer 12

Sensory/afferent neurons

Question 13

neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs

Answer 13

Interneurons

Question 14

neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands

Answer 14

Motor/efferent neurons

Question 15

type of neuron communication that makes the receiving neuron MORE likely to send a signal

Answer 15

Excitatory

Question 16

type of neuron communication that makes the receiving neuron LESS likely to send a signal

Answer 16

Inhibitory

Question 17

when the cell body adds up all the incoming signals

Answer 17

Summation

Question 18

a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon

Answer 18

Action potential

Question 19

first step of conducting an action potential; negative on the inside, positive on the outside

Answer 19

Resting state

Question 20

second step of conducting an action potential; the neuron becomes active and the positive particles rush into the cell

Answer 20

Stimulation

Question 21

third step of conducting an action potential; the positive particles are actively removed from the cell

Answer 21

Recovery

Question 22

forth step in conducting an action potential; stimulates the next section of the axon and continues the signal

Answer 22

Resting state

Question 23

when the signal reaches the end of the axon (terminal button) the signal changes
-chemical

Answer 23

Synaptic transmission