ch 2 biological perspective

Question 1

an extensive network of specialized cells that carries info to & from all parts of the body is called the __________.

Answer 1

nervous system

Question 2

the basic cells that makes up the nervous system & receives & sends messages within that system is called a_______.

Answer 2

neurons

Question 3

the long tubelike structure that carries the neural message to other cells on the neuron is the ___________.

Answer 3

axon

Question 4

on a neuron, the branchlike structures that receive messages from other neurons are the __________.

Answer 4

dendrites

Question 5

the cell body of the neuron responsible for maintaining the life of the cell & containing the mitochondria is the _________.

Answer 5

soma

Question 6

the fatty substance produced by certain glial cells that coats the axons of neurons to insulate, protect, & speed up the neural impulse is the _______.

Answer 6

myelin

Question 7

the bundles of axons in the body that travel together through the body are known as the _________.

Answer 7

nerves

Question 8

the charged particles located inside & outside of the neuron are called __________.

Answer 8

ions

Question 9

the state of the neuron when not firing a neural impulse is known as the _____ _____.

Answer 9

resting potential

Question 10

the ____ ____ are sacklike structures found inside the synaptic knob containing chemicals

Answer 10

synaptic vesicles

Question 11

____________ are chemicals found in the synaptic vesicles that, when released, have an effect on the next cell.

Answer 11

neurotransmitters

Question 12

the _______ neurotransmitter causes the receiving cell to fire

Answer 12

excitatory

Question 13

the _______ mimic or enhance the effects of a neurotransmitter on the receptor sites of the next cell, increasing or decreasing the activity of that cell

Answer 13

agonists

Question 14

the ____ ____ is a long bundle of neurons that carries messages to & from the body to the brain & is responsible for very fast, lifesaving reflexes

Answer 14

spinal cord

Question 15

a neuron that carries information from the senses to the central nervous system & is also known as the afferent is called a _____ _____.

Answer 15

sensory neuron

Question 16

all nerves & neurons that are not contained in the brain & spinal cord but that run through the body itself are in the _______ ______ system.

Answer 16

peripheral nervous

Question 17

the division of the PNS (peripheral nervous) consisting of nerves that carry information from the sense to the CNS & from the CNS to the voluntary muscles of the body is the _____ ______ system.

Answer 17

somatic nervous

Question 18

the ______ ______ system division of the PNS. consisting of nerves that control all of the involuntary muscles, organs, and glands

Answer 18

autonomic nervous

Question 19

the part of the ANS that is responsible for reacting to stressful events & bodily arousal is called the ____ ____ of there nervous system.

Answer 19

sympathetic division

Question 20

a machine designed to record the brain wave patterns produced by electrical activity of the surface of the brain is called an ________.

Answer 20

electroencephalograph (EEG)

Question 21

the part of the lower brain located behind the pons that controls & coordinates involuntary, rapid, fine motor movement is called the _________.

Answer 21

cerebellum

Question 22

part of the limbic system located in the center of the brain, this structure relays sensory information from the lower part of the brain to the proper areas of the cortex & processes some sensory information before sending it to its proper area & is called the _________

Answer 22

thalamus

Question 23

the larger swelling above the medulla that connects the top of the brain to the bottom & that plays a part in sleep, dreaming, let-right body coordination, & arousal is called the _______.

Answer 23

pons

Question 24

the ____ _____ is an area of neurons running through the middle of the medulla & the pond & slightly beyond that is responsible for selective attention

Answer 24

reticular formation

Question 25

the _______ is a curved structure located within each temporal lobe responsible for the formation of long-term memories & the storage of memory for location of objects.

Answer 25

hippocampus

Question 26

the ______ is a brain structure located near the hippocampus responsible for fear responses & memory of fear

Answer 26

amygdala

Question 27

the _________ is the outermost covering of the brain consisting of densely packed neurons that is responsible for higher thought processes & interpretation of sensory input

Answer 27

cortex

Question 28

the thick band of neurons that connects the right & left cerebral hemisphere is called the _______.

Answer 28

corpus callosum

Question 29

the section of the brain located at the rear & bottom of each cerebral hemisphere containing the visual centers of the brain is called the _______ ______.

Answer 29

occipital cortex

Question 30

the section of the brain located at the top & back of each cerebral hemisphere containing the centers for touch, taste, & temperature sensations is called the ______ ______.

Answer 30

parietal lobe

Question 31

the ______ ______ are the areas of the cortex located just behind the temples containing the neurons responsible for the sense of hearing & meaningful speech

Answer 31

temporal lobes

Question 32

the _____ _____ are areas of the cortex located in the front & top of the brain that are responsible for higher mental processes and decision making as well as the production of fluent speech

Answer 32

frontal lobes

Question 33

the _____ glands secrete chemicals called hormones directly into the bloodstream

Answer 33

endocrine

Question 34

the endocrine glands located on top of each kidney that secrete over 30 different hormones to deal with stress, regulate salt intake, & provide a secondary source of sex hormones affecting the sexual changes that occur during adolescence are called the ______ ______.

Answer 34

adrenal glands