ch#2 bio checkpoint. human body Flashcards
what is the function of the skeleton?
the skeleton supports your body and helps you move. it also protects your organs such as your brain and lungs.
what is the backbone?
a strong vertical column called your backbone holds up your head. it is made of small bones called vertebrae. A thick bundle of nerves called your spinal cord runs down your back, connecting your brain the the rest of the body.
what is the ribcage?
a large cage made of rib bones, that supports your lung and heart.
describe movement
wherever 2 bones meet there is a joint. the 2 types of joints are :
1- ball and socket joint. an example is hip joint
2-hinge joint. an example is leg joint
joints are made smooth by 2 things:
1-smooth layer of cartilage
2-slippery substance called synovial fluid.
ligaments hold bones together but stretch enough for them to move.
define agonistic muscles
agnostic muscles are muscles that pull in opposite directions. eg- bicep and tricep
describe systems
groups of organs that work together are called systems
some systems are :
skeletal system
(the bones in your skeleton)
muscular system
(the muscles that move the bones)
nervous system
circulatory system
respiratory system
digestive
describe the nervous system.
the nervous system controls how you respond to things around you.
define scence organs.
a sense organ is an organ that makes you aware what is happening around you. an example of this is your eyes and ears.
describe the respiratory system
it is a chemical reaction that takes place in your body.it takes in oxen and relasese carbon dioxide as a waste product.
as blood rushes through our lungs,it swaps/exchanges carbon dioxide for oxygen gas. This is called gas exchange.
describe the digestve system.
during respiration, glucose reacts with oxygen.
glucose particles are tiny. As soon as you swallow them, they pass into your blood vessels around your Small intestines.
other food, such as starch, is made from large particles. they need to be broken down before entering your bloodstream.
this process is called digestion.
explain the Heart
The heart is a Muscle. When it beats, It contracts. It beats about 100,000 times a day.
The blood leaves the heart through the Arteries And returns through veins.
What do sports scientists study?
they study the way athletes move. They use this to show them how they can improve.
what does a neurosurgeon do?
a neurosurgeon study the way our our brain and nervous system works. they try to understand why we behave the way we do, and what causes mental illness.
what does a haematologist do?
a haematologist study the way your blood changes when you are ill. Their test can show doctors exactly what the problem.
what does a dietitian do?
a deititionist study the connection between what you eat and your health. They use that knowledge tho tell patients how to improve their heath and fitness.
