Ch. 2 Behavioral and Developmental Pediatrics

Question 1

Primitive Reflexes

Answer 1

• Hand grasp
  
  • Reflex grasp of any object placed in arm
  • Appears: Birth / Disappears: 1-3 mo.
• Atonic neck reflex
  
  • If head is turned to one side, arms and legs extend on same side and flex on opp. side
  • Appears: 2-4 weeks / Disappears: 6 mo.
• Rooting reflex
  
  • Turning of head toward same side as stimulus when corner of infant’s mouth is stimulated
  • Appears: Birth / Disappears: 6 mo.
• Moro reflex
  
  • Symmetric abduction and extension of arms with trunk extension, followed by adduction of upper extremities
  • Appears: Birth / Disappears: 4 mo.

Each primitive reflex requires specific sensory stimulus to generate stereotypical motor response. Infants with CNS injuries show stronger and more-sustained primitive reflexes.

Question 2

Leading causes of blindness in children

Answer 2

• Trachoma infection (primary cause of blindness worldwide)
• Retinopathy of prematurity
• Congenital cataracts

Question 3

Colic

Definition:

Epidemiology:

Etiology:

Differential dx:

Mgmt:

Answer 3

Crying that lasts > 3 hrs per day and occurs > 3 days per week

• Epidemiology: occurs in 10% newborns
• Etiology: unknown basis
• Differential dx:
  
  • Corneal abrasion
  • Otitis media
  • Milk protein intolerance
  • Food allergy
  • _​_Intestinal gas
  • Inguinal hernia
  • Testicular torsion
• Mgmt:
  
  • Treat any identified conditions.
  • Reassure parents that infant is healthy and that colic is not their fault (big stressor)