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Ch.1 Physics > Ch. 2 Basic Physics > Flashcards

Ch. 2 Basic Physics Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three standards of measurement?

A

Time
Length
Mass

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2
Q

What is the standard unit of time?

A

Seconds

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3
Q

What is the standard unit of length?

A

Meter

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4
Q

What is the standard unit of mass?

A

Kilogram

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5
Q

How is speed expressed mathmatically?

A

length divided by time

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6
Q

How is density expressed mathmatically?

A

mass over volume

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7
Q

How is volume expressed mathmatically?

A

by cubing a length or mass divided by a length

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8
Q

What does E=mc2 tell us?

A

that mass and energy are interchangeable and that every mass has an energy equivalent and every energy has a mass equivalent

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9
Q

What is a force?

A

anything that exerts a push or a pull on something

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10
Q

What are the four fundamental forces?

A
  1. gravity
  2. the weak nuclear force
  3. electromagnetism
  4. the strong nuclear force
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11
Q

What is electromagnetism?

A

It encompasses all electrical and magnetic phenomena

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12
Q

Describe a weak and strong nuclear force.

A

a weak nuclear force is responsible for the radioactivity Becquerel discovered in some materials, and a strong nuclear force holds protons and neutrons within the nucleus of an atom.

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13
Q

How is the strength of a force measured?

A

By how small a particle it can affect. Gravity being the weakest and a strong nuclear force being the strongest

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14
Q

What is the metric system throughout the world known as?

A

System International or SI System

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15
Q

What are all of the unit conversions is the SI system based on?

A

multiples of 10

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16
Q

prefix- kilo

A

k… km=kilometer…10’3…thousands

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17
Q

prefix- mega

A

M… MV=megavolts…10’6…millions

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18
Q

prefix- giga

A

G…GHz=gigahertz…10’9…billions

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19
Q

prefix- tera

A

T… TB=terabytes…10’12…trillions

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20
Q

prefix- centi

A

c…cm=centimeter…10’-2…hundreths

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21
Q

prefix- milli

A

m…ms=millisecond…10’-3…thousandths

22
Q

prefix- micro

A

u…um=micrometers…10’-6…millionths

23
Q

prefix- nano

A

n…nm=nanometers…10’-9…billionths

24
Q

What does the negative exponent represent in each term?

A

it expresses the term as a fraction as in millionths billionths etc

25
Q

All kinds of electromagnetic radiations consist of ripples, similar to water waves, describe these.

A

it takes one crest or peak and one trough or dip to make up a single wavelength

26
Q

What is the measuring unit used for wavelengths on an x-rays?

A

Angstrom

27
Q

What is the general unit for energy?

A

a joule

28
Q

Describe a joule.

A

One joule is roughly enough energy to get a one lb object moving about 10 miles per hour.

29
Q

Describe matter converting to energy.

A

When matter is converted to energy it takes an infinitesimal amount of matter to produce incredible power.

30
Q

Describe converting energy to matter.

A

An enormous amount of energy is needed to produce even the smallest particle.

31
Q

What is rest energy?

A

The energy that a particle would release if it were annihilated or changed into pure energy

32
Q

What are the 6 forms energy can take?

A
  • Mechanical Energy
  • Chemical Energy
  • Electrical Energy
  • Thermal Energy
  • Electromagnetic Energy
  • Nuclear Energy
33
Q

What is a transducer?

A

Any device that can change one form of energy into another

34
Q

What two classifications can Mechanical Energy be divided into?

A
  • Potential Energy

- Kinetic Energy

35
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A
  • the energy of motion

- represented by the actual speed

36
Q

What is potential energy?

A
  • the energy of position

- represented by the potential to speed up

37
Q

Describe the Law of Conservation for Mechanical Energy.

A

The sum of an objects kinetic energy and its potential energy must always add up to the same amount, but the two can trade off.

38
Q

What do all forms of energy eventually degenerate into?

A

heat energy

39
Q

What is quantum physics?

A

The study of all the interactions and relationships between the atom and waves of radiation.

40
Q

The intensity of radiation incident upon the surface of an object is its what?

A

Exposure

41
Q

Exposure is best detected as an ionization in the air just above the surface and generates an electrical charge in a what?

A

A detecting device

42
Q

What does ESE stand for?

A

Entrance skin exposure

43
Q

The intensity of radiation entering through the surface of the body is what?

A

The entrance skin exposure

44
Q

What are the conventional units used in X-ray?

A

Roentgen
RAD
Rem

45
Q

What does RAD stand for?

A

Radiation absorbed dose

46
Q

What does Rem stand for?

A

Radiation equivalent in man

47
Q

This is the unit of absorbed dose applied to all radiation?

A

The Rad

48
Q

This is the unit of dose equivalent of true biological harm.

A

Rem

49
Q

This is the only unit for measuring intensity of raw X-ray beams emitted by the X-ray tube at a particular distance.

A

Roentgen

50
Q

1 roentgen is equivalent to how many ion pairs?

A

2.08x10’9

51
Q

What are two weighted factors used to derive rem from rad?

A

Wr- relative harmfulness or radiation

Wt- relative sensitivity of exposed tissue compared to other tissue

Ch.1 Physics (3 decks)

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