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Biology 101 > Ch. 2 > Flashcards

Ch. 2 Flashcards

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0
Q

Electrons charge

A

Negative

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1
Q

What are the properties of an atom?

A

Electrons, protons, neutrons

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2
Q

Protons charge

A

Positive

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3
Q

Neutrons charge

A

Neutral

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4
Q

Atomic number

A

The number of protons in the nucleus that defines the element

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5
Q

The Atomic mass

A

The number of protons plus the number of neutrons

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6
Q

Isotopes

A

Forms of an element that have the same number of protons but differ in the number of neutrons their atoms carry

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7
Q

Isotopes are atoms of an element that differ in _____

A

Mass number

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8
Q

Atoms of ______ spontaneously emit subatomic particles or energy

A

Radioisotopes

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9
Q

Radioactive decay

A

The process by which atoms of a radioisotope emit energy and/ or subatomic particles when their nucleus spontaneously decays

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10
Q

Radioisotope

A

Isotope with an unstable nucleus

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11
Q

Researchers use radio scopes to make ____ that track biological processes inside living organisms

A

Tracers

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12
Q

Why do electrons matter to atoms ?

A
  • they share and donate then

- whether atoms interact with other atoms depends on how many electrons they have

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13
Q

What are Shell models?

A

Help us visualize how electrons arranged around the atoms nucleus from the innermost shell outward

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14
Q

What is an ion?

A

The charge an atom with a different number of electrons and protons

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15
Q

Electronegativity

A

A measure of how strongly an atoms attracts electrons from other atoms

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16
Q

A ______ is an attractive force that unites two atoms as a ______ when their electrons interact.

A

Chemical bond, molecule

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17
Q

Compound

A

A molecule that consists of two or more elements, productions of elements do not vary

18
Q

Mixture

A

An intermingling of substances, the proportions of the substances can vary because chemical bonds do not form

19
Q

The three types of chemical bonds:

A
  1. Ionic bonds
  2. Covalent bonds
  3. Hydrogen bonds
20
Q

Ionic bond

A

A strong association between oppositely charged ions that arises from mutual attraction of opposite charges

21
Q

A _____ bond is formed when two ions are held together by the attraction of opposite electrical charges.

A

Ionic

22
Q

Covalent bond

A

Chemical bond in which two atoms share a pair of electrons

23
Q

Polarity

A

Any separation of charge into distinct positive and negative regions

24
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

Attraction that forms between a covalently bonded hydrogen atom and another atom taking part in a separate covalent bond

25
Q

_____ can form hydrogen bonds, non-polar molecules cannot.

A

Polar molecules

26
Q

Form between opposite charges in polar water molecules

A

Hydrogen bonds

27
Q

Water is essential to life because of its unique properties:

A
  • solvent for salts and other polar solutes
  • resists temperature changes
  • cohesion
28
Q

Water is a ______ that easily dissolves salts, sugars, and other polar substances

A

Solvent

29
Q

Solvent

A

Liquid that can dissolve other substances

30
Q

Solute

A

A dissolved substance

31
Q

A compound that dissolves easily in water and releases ions

A

Salt

32
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Substance that dissolves easily in water

33
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Substance that resists dissolving in water such as oil. Usually non-polar molecules

34
Q

What is cohesion?

A
  • Tendency of molecule to stick together
  • pulls water upward in plants
  • causes surface tension
35
Q

Cohesion of water molecules resists _____

A

Evaporation

36
Q

_____ stability is important for homeostasis; most molecules of life function within a certain temperature range

A

Temperature

37
Q

Temperature

A

Measure of molecular motion

38
Q

What is pH?

A

Measure of concentration of hydrogen ions in a fluid

39
Q

Concentration

A

Number of molecules or ions of a solute per unit volume of a solution

40
Q

Acid

A

Substance that releases hydrogen ions in water, the higher the number of ions , the lower the pH

41
Q

Base

A

Substance that accepts hydrogen ions in water

42
Q

Buffer

A

Keeps a solution within a consistent range of pH

43
Q

How does a buffer maintain as consistent pH?

A

Alternately donating and accepting ions that contribute to pH

Biology 101 (4 decks)

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