Ch. 1 Flashcards
All matter consists of _______, which combine as ________.
Atoms, molecules
What is biology defined as?
The systematic study of life
Individuals that consist of one or more cells.
Organisms
Cells of larger multicelled organisms are organized as ______, ______, and _______.
Tissues, organs, and organ systems
What is the hierarchy of life’s organization?
Atoms-molecules-cells-tissues-organs-organ systems-organism.
Population
A group of individuals of a species in a given area
Community
All populations of all species in a given area
Ecosystem
A community interacting with its environment
Biosphere
Includes all regions of earth that hold life
Continual ______ and _______ maintain life’s complex organization.
Inputs of energy, cycling of materials
Organisms _____________ to change
Sense and respond
All organisms use __________ inherited from parents to function and reproduce
Information in DNA
All organisms use ______ and ______ to sustain themselves
- energy
- nutrients
Energy
The capacity to do work
Nutrient
Substance that an organism needs for growth and survival, but cannot make for itself
________ harvest energy from the environment to make their own food by processes such as _______
- Producers
- photosynthesis
________ eat other organisms, or their wastes and remains
Consumers
__________ are specialized consumers that break down waste and dead organic material.
Decomposers
Homeostasis
The term used to describe how a living organism maintains internal conditions needed to remain alive
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Contains information that guides all of an organism’s metabolic activities like growth, development, and reproduction
The passage of DNA from parents to offspring is _________
Inheritance
Biodiversity
A measure of all of the types of organisms in a given area
All organisms are grouped into one of three major groups called _______
Domains
What are the three major domains of organisms?
- Bacteria
- archaea
- Eukarya
Which domains of living organisms are prokaryotes?
- bacteria
- archaea
Which domains of living organisms is eukaryotes?
Eukarya
Are single-celled, and in their DNA is not contained within a nucleus
Bacteria and archaeans
The DNA of bacteria and archaeans is not contained within a _______
Nucleus
Can be single-celled or multicelled, and their DNA is contained within a nucleus, cells usually larger and more complex than bacteria and archaea
Eukaryotes
Archaea
Single cells, no nucleus. Evolutionarily closer to eukaryotes than bacteria
________ are the simplest eukaryotes, ranging from amoebas to giant kelps
Protists
Many ________ are decomposes; type of eukaryotic consumer that obtains nutrients by digestion and absorption outside the body
Fungi
Plants
Multicelled photosynthetic producers that provide food for most other organisms
Animals
Multicelled consumers that eat other organisms; they include herbivores, carnivores, scavengers, and parasites
Each type of organism has a unique, two-part scientific name. The first part is the ______ name.
Genus
When the genus name is combined with the ______, it designates a particular species
Specific epithet
_______ sorts all species on the basis of shared traits
Taxonomy
Inductive reasoning
Generally used by a researcher observing something in nature to form a hypothesis
Deductive reasoning
Used by researchers to make a prediction about what might occur if the hypothesis is not wrong
Predictions are tested with observations,_______, or both.
Experiments
Experiments typically are performed on an __________ as compares with a ________
Experimental group, control group
The scientific method:
- observation
- hypothesis formation
- prediction
- experimentation
- conclusion
In an experiment, a ____ is a characteristic or event that differs among individuals over time
Variables
Independent variable
Variable that is controlled by an experimenter in order to explore its relationship to a dependent variable
Dependent variable
The variable in an experiment that is presumably affected by the independent variable that is being tested
Scientific theory
A longstanding hypothesis that is useful form making predictions about other phenomena
Law of nature
Describes something that occurs without fail, but for which we do not have a complete scientific explanation.
The cell
The basic unit of life
