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Biology 101 > Ch. 1 > Flashcards

Ch. 1 Flashcards

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0
Q

All matter consists of _______, which combine as ________.

A

Atoms, molecules

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1
Q

What is biology defined as?

A

The systematic study of life

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2
Q

Individuals that consist of one or more cells.

A

Organisms

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3
Q

Cells of larger multicelled organisms are organized as ______, ______, and _______.

A

Tissues, organs, and organ systems

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4
Q

What is the hierarchy of life’s organization?

A

Atoms-molecules-cells-tissues-organs-organ systems-organism.

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5
Q

Population

A

A group of individuals of a species in a given area

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6
Q

Community

A

All populations of all species in a given area

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7
Q

Ecosystem

A

A community interacting with its environment

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8
Q

Biosphere

A

Includes all regions of earth that hold life

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10
Q

Continual ______ and _______ maintain life’s complex organization.

A

Inputs of energy, cycling of materials

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11
Q

Organisms _____________ to change

A

Sense and respond

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12
Q

All organisms use __________ inherited from parents to function and reproduce

A

Information in DNA

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13
Q

All organisms use ______ and ______ to sustain themselves

A
  • energy

- nutrients

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14
Q

Energy

A

The capacity to do work

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15
Q

Nutrient

A

Substance that an organism needs for growth and survival, but cannot make for itself

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16
Q

________ harvest energy from the environment to make their own food by processes such as _______

A
  • Producers

- photosynthesis

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17
Q

________ eat other organisms, or their wastes and remains

A

Consumers

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18
Q

__________ are specialized consumers that break down waste and dead organic material.

A

Decomposers

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19
Q

Homeostasis

A

The term used to describe how a living organism maintains internal conditions needed to remain alive

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20
Q

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

A

Contains information that guides all of an organism’s metabolic activities like growth, development, and reproduction

21
Q

The passage of DNA from parents to offspring is _________

A

Inheritance

22
Q

Biodiversity

A

A measure of all of the types of organisms in a given area

23
Q

All organisms are grouped into one of three major groups called _______

A

Domains

24
Q

What are the three major domains of organisms?

A
  1. Bacteria
  2. archaea
  3. Eukarya
25
Q

Which domains of living organisms are prokaryotes?

A
  • bacteria

- archaea

26
Q

Which domains of living organisms is eukaryotes?

A

Eukarya

27
Q

Are single-celled, and in their DNA is not contained within a nucleus

A

Bacteria and archaeans

28
Q

The DNA of bacteria and archaeans is not contained within a _______

A

Nucleus

29
Q

Can be single-celled or multicelled, and their DNA is contained within a nucleus, cells usually larger and more complex than bacteria and archaea

A

Eukaryotes

30
Q

Archaea

A

Single cells, no nucleus. Evolutionarily closer to eukaryotes than bacteria

31
Q

________ are the simplest eukaryotes, ranging from amoebas to giant kelps

A

Protists

32
Q

Many ________ are decomposes; type of eukaryotic consumer that obtains nutrients by digestion and absorption outside the body

A

Fungi

33
Q

Plants

A

Multicelled photosynthetic producers that provide food for most other organisms

34
Q

Animals

A

Multicelled consumers that eat other organisms; they include herbivores, carnivores, scavengers, and parasites

35
Q

Each type of organism has a unique, two-part scientific name. The first part is the ______ name.

A

Genus

36
Q

When the genus name is combined with the ______, it designates a particular species

A

Specific epithet

37
Q

_______ sorts all species on the basis of shared traits

A

Taxonomy

38
Q

Inductive reasoning

A

Generally used by a researcher observing something in nature to form a hypothesis

39
Q

Deductive reasoning

A

Used by researchers to make a prediction about what might occur if the hypothesis is not wrong

40
Q

Predictions are tested with observations,_______, or both.

A

Experiments

41
Q

Experiments typically are performed on an __________ as compares with a ________

A

Experimental group, control group

42
Q

The scientific method:

A
  • observation
  • hypothesis formation
  • prediction
  • experimentation
  • conclusion
43
Q

In an experiment, a ____ is a characteristic or event that differs among individuals over time

A

Variables

44
Q

Independent variable

A

Variable that is controlled by an experimenter in order to explore its relationship to a dependent variable

45
Q

Dependent variable

A

The variable in an experiment that is presumably affected by the independent variable that is being tested

46
Q

Scientific theory

A

A longstanding hypothesis that is useful form making predictions about other phenomena

47
Q

Law of nature

A

Describes something that occurs without fail, but for which we do not have a complete scientific explanation.

48
Q

The cell

A

The basic unit of life

Biology 101 (4 decks)

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