CH 2 Flashcards
(25 cards)
Evidence Based Management
-Translating principles based on best evidence into organizational practice, bringing rationality to the decision making process.
Scientific Management
-emphasized the scientific study of work methods to improve the productivity of individual workers.
Principles of Scientific Management
- Scientifically study each part of the task
- Carefully select workers within the right abilities
- Give workers the training and incentives to do the right task
- Use scientific principles to plan the work methods
Administrative Management
Concerned with managing the total organization
Henri Fayol
-French engineer and industrialist
- First to identify the major functions of management
Behavioral Viewpoint
emphasized the importance of understanding human behavior and of motivating employees toward achievement.
Three phases of behavioral viewpoint
- Early behaviorism
- The human relations movement
- Behavioral science
Hugo Munsterberg
- Father of industrial psychology
1. Study jobs and determined which people are best suited to specific jobs
2. Identify the psychological conditions under which employees do their best work
3. Devise Management strategies to influence employees to follow management’s interest
Mary Parker Follett
- Social worker and social philosopher
1. Organizations should be operated as “communities”
2. Conflicts should be resolved by having managers and workers talk over differences and find solutions that would satisfy both parties.
3. The work process should be under control of workers with relevant knowledge.
Hawthrone Effect
-Employees worked harder if they received added attention, thought that managers cared about their welfare and that supervisors paid special attention to them.
-Elton Mayo
Human Relations Movement
-proposed that better human relations could increase worker productivity
- Abraham, Maslow and Douglas McGregor
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
-Self Actualization
-Esteem
-Social
-Safety
-Physiological
Theory X
-Represents a pessimistic , negative view of workers
-Workers are irresponsible , resistant to change, lack of ambition, hate work, and want to be led
Theory Y
-Represents an optimistic, positive view of workers
-Workers are considered capable of accepting responsibility, self- direction, self control and being creative.
Behavioral Science
Relies on scientific research for developing theories about human behavior that can be used to provide practical tools for managers
Quantitative Management
-application to management of quantitative techniques, such as statistics and computer simulations
- Management science. operations management
Management Science
-stresses the use of rational, science-based techniques and mathematical models to improve decision making and strategic planning.
Operations Management
Focusing on managing the production snd delivery of an organization’s products and services more effectively.
- Work scheduling, production planning, facilities, location and design
Systems Viewpoint
- Regards the organization as a system of interrelated parts
- Collection of subsystems
-Part of the larger environment
Four parts of a system
- Inputs
- Transformational processes
- Outputs
- Feedback
Open System vs Closed System
Open: continually interacts with its environment
Closed: Has little interaction with its environment.
Contingency Viewpoint
-Emphasizes that a managers approach should vary according to the individual and the environmental situation.
-Most practical because it addresses problems on a case-by-case basis
Quality
-total ability of a product or service to meet customer needs
Quality control
- The strategy for minimizing errors by managing each stage of production
