CH 2

Question 1

Evidence Based Management

Answer 1

-Translating principles based on best evidence into organizational practice, bringing rationality to the decision making process.

Question 2

Scientific Management

Answer 2

-emphasized the scientific study of work methods to improve the productivity of individual workers.

Question 3

Principles of Scientific Management

Answer 3

1. Scientifically study each part of the task
2. Carefully select workers within the right abilities
3. Give workers the training and incentives to do the right task
4. Use scientific principles to plan the work methods

Question 4

Administrative Management

Answer 4

Concerned with managing the total organization

Question 5

Henri Fayol

Answer 5

-French engineer and industrialist
- First to identify the major functions of management

Question 6

Behavioral Viewpoint

Answer 6

emphasized the importance of understanding human behavior and of motivating employees toward achievement.

Question 7

Three phases of behavioral viewpoint

Answer 7

1. Early behaviorism
2. The human relations movement
3. Behavioral science

Question 8

Hugo Munsterberg

Answer 8

• Father of industrial psychology
  1. Study jobs and determined which people are best suited to specific jobs
  2. Identify the psychological conditions under which employees do their best work
  3. Devise Management strategies to influence employees to follow management’s interest

Question 9

Mary Parker Follett

Answer 9

• Social worker and social philosopher
  1. Organizations should be operated as “communities”
  2. Conflicts should be resolved by having managers and workers talk over differences and find solutions that would satisfy both parties.
  3. The work process should be under control of workers with relevant knowledge.

Question 10

Hawthrone Effect

Answer 10

-Employees worked harder if they received added attention, thought that managers cared about their welfare and that supervisors paid special attention to them.
-Elton Mayo

Question 11

Human Relations Movement

Answer 11

-proposed that better human relations could increase worker productivity
- Abraham, Maslow and Douglas McGregor

Question 12

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 12

-Self Actualization
-Esteem
-Social
-Safety
-Physiological

Question 13

Theory X

Answer 13

-Represents a pessimistic , negative view of workers
-Workers are irresponsible , resistant to change, lack of ambition, hate work, and want to be led

Question 14

Theory Y

Answer 14

-Represents an optimistic, positive view of workers
-Workers are considered capable of accepting responsibility, self- direction, self control and being creative.

Question 15

Behavioral Science

Answer 15

Relies on scientific research for developing theories about human behavior that can be used to provide practical tools for managers

Question 16

Quantitative Management

Answer 16

-application to management of quantitative techniques, such as statistics and computer simulations
- Management science. operations management

Question 17

Management Science

Answer 17

-stresses the use of rational, science-based techniques and mathematical models to improve decision making and strategic planning.

Question 18

Operations Management

Answer 18

Focusing on managing the production snd delivery of an organization’s products and services more effectively.
- Work scheduling, production planning, facilities, location and design

Question 19

Systems Viewpoint

Answer 19

• Regards the organization as a system of interrelated parts
• Collection of subsystems
  -Part of the larger environment

Question 20

Four parts of a system

Answer 20

1. Inputs
2. Transformational processes
3. Outputs
4. Feedback

Question 21

Open System vs Closed System

Answer 21

Open: continually interacts with its environment
Closed: Has little interaction with its environment.

Question 22

Contingency Viewpoint

Answer 22

-Emphasizes that a managers approach should vary according to the individual and the environmental situation.
-Most practical because it addresses problems on a case-by-case basis

Question 23

Quality

Answer 23

-total ability of a product or service to meet customer needs

Question 24

Quality control

Answer 24

• The strategy for minimizing errors by managing each stage of production

Question 25

Quality Assurance

Answer 25

• Focuses on the performance of workers, urging employees to strive for “zero defects”.