Ch. 2 Flashcards
psychosocial health
A complex interaction of processes or factors that are both psychological and social in nature and encompass our emotional, mental, social, and spiritual states
supporting psychosocial health
connect with others and build meaningful relationships
stay positive; cope with emotions in a healthy way
deal better with hard times; practice self care, accept responsibility for actions, plan for the future
dimensions of psychological health
- mental health
- emotional health
- social health
- spiritual health
mental health
-mental well-being is a combination of many factors
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mental health continuum
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emotion
a conscious mental reaction accompanied by physiological and behavioural changes in our body
types of emotion
4 types
- resulting from loss, harm, or threats (eg, fear or anger)
- resulting from benefits (eg, joy, delight)
- borderline emotions (eg, hope , compassion)
- complex emotions (eg, love, grief)
characteristics of an emotionally healthy person
understands the self in not the centre of universe
response suitably to situations or events
has a high level of optimism
emotional intelligence
- ability to recognize and manage our own emotions and recognize, understand m and influence the emotions of others
- it is important to balance our intellect with our emotions
5 components of EQ
self awareness
self regulation
empathy
social skills
motivation
social health
the ability to interact effectively with other people and with the social environment
characteristics of social health
an optimistic sense of trust in others
supporting, constructive, and positive interactions
ability to form relationships
celebrating diverse society; accepting differences
being open to new experiences with others
social support
refers to the care and security that family, friends, colleagues and professionals provide us
social bonds
can be defines as the degree to which ppl are integrated into and attached to their families, communities, and society
spiritual health
involves our ability to identify our basic purpose in life and to experience the fulfillment of achieving our full potential
- A strong sense of values, morals, and ethics
- Recognizing individuality and self-worth
- A deep understanding of the interconnectedness of humans with each other and with nature
- Sharing the virtues of hope, faith, and forgiveness
culture
a sense of who we are, where we come from, and what we believe in
spiritual intelligence
The capacity to “enhance individual’s [our] capabilities and qualities such as compassion, creativity, and wisdom by improving the self- awareness and feelings of connection with divine energy
leading a fulfilling life
ID your needs
-From basic common survival needs to social,
intellectual, and cultural needs
-Needs differ from “wants” (e.g., desires, wishes)
Two psychological models linked to personality and psychosocial health
- maslow’s hierarchy of needs
- erikson’s theory of psychosocial development
Maslow hierarchy of needs
- Human needs are the motivating factors in personality development
- Basic human needs are at the bottom of the pyramid
- Higher needs placed in ascending order on the pyramid
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erikson’s theory of psychosocial development
three aspects of identity
- ego (self)
- personal (our peculiarities)
- social/cultural (roles we play)
describes the impact of social experience on individuals throughout their lifetime
we move through varying stages of development as we age
eriksons stages of development
- infant (0-1): basic trust vs mistrust
- Early childhood (1 to 3 years): Autonomy vs. Shame
- Play age (3 to 6 years): Initiative vs. Guilt
- School-age (6 to 12 years): Industry vs. Inferiority
- Adolescence (12 to 19 years): Identify vs. Confusion
- Early adulthood (20 to 25 years): Intimacy vs. Isolation
- Adulthood (26 to 64 years): Generativity vs. Stagnation
- Old age (65 years to death): Integrity vs. Despair
values
the criteria by which you evaluate things, ppl, events, and yourself
- represent what’s most important
- can help give life meaning and structure
instrumental values
ways of thinking and acting that we hold important (eg, being loving or loyal)
terminal values
goals, achievements, or ideal states that we strive towards (eg, happiness)
self esteem
a belief or pride in ourselves, not based on external factors
- develops over time
- can be improved through positive thinking, talking, and behaving
learned helplessness
blaming others for our failures and transferring our responsibility over to society
positive psychology
emphasizes building on personal strengths rather than treating weaknesses
optimistic and resilient ppl are
less likely to suffer from mental disorders
more likely to lead happy, productive lives
feelings
emotional responses that come and go within minutes
mood
sustained emotional state that colours our view of the world for hours or days
there are gender differences in mood management
mood regulating strategies
- make a change
- opt for happiness
- learn to laugh
feel in control: self efficacy
our belief that we can produce an effect
feel in control
-develop autonomy: individuals are true to themselves among external influences
locus of control - internal vs external
- assert yourself: recognize your feelings and make your needs and desires clear to others in a respectful way
- connect with others: build rich, enduring relationships with others
- overcome loneliness: learn to reach out to others
- become socially responsible: contribute to the welfare of society
mental disorder
Clinically significant behavioural or psychological syndrome or pattern reflecting an underlying psychobiological dysfunction
mental disability
Reduced ability to function, with dysfunction and impaired functioning over an extended period.
symptoms cary from mild to severe, depending on type of mental illness
diversity and mental illness
- Mental health issues are a growing concern on college and university campuses; many mental health disorders are diagnosed in young people
- rates of mental disorders are higher Amon women than men in all ages
- Gender minority groups are at risk for mental disorders
- Cultural assimilation influences mental health
- Homelessness increases the risk of experiencing mental health issues
stigma
misconceptions and beliefs about mental illness include:
- All individuals are dangerous
- Caused by supernatural forces
- People should be housed in facilities far away from local communities
- Right to vote should be restricted
- Access to employment should be limited
anxiety
feeling of apprehension and dread, can lead to intensified physical reactions and psychological reactions can lead to anxiety disorders
generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
excessive or unrealistic apprehension causing physical symptoms
panic attacks
a terrible sense that something horrible is about to happen
panic disorder
develops when panic attacks recur or apprehension about them becomes so intense that individuals cannot function normally
phobias
out-of-the-ordinary, irrational, intense, excessive, unreasonable, and persistent fears of certain objects or situations
social anxiety disorder
a condition where people are fearfully shy
OCD
- Obsession: a recurring idea, thought, or image that one realizes, at least initially, is senseless (e.g., repetitive thoughts of violence, contamination)
- Compulsion: repetitive behaviour performed according to certain rules or in a stereotyped fashion (e.g., handwashing)
PTSD
re- experience of terror and helplessness experienced in the past
ADHD/ADD
describes individuals who are hyperactive, impulsive, and may or may not have inattentive behaviours
causes incl genetic and biological factors
3 dif types
- inattentive
- hyperactive/impulsive
- combines
depressive disorders
depression is the worlds most common mental ailment, but is treatable
affects the brain, mind, and body
major depression
characterized by
- feeling sad, empty, discouraged, tearful
- loss of interest in activities
- feeling helpless, hopeless, worthless, inadequate
- persistent thoughts of death or suicide
bipolar disorder (manic depression)
mood swings from manic states of feeling euphoric and energetic to depressive states of utter despair
premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
physical and emotional symptoms affecting a woman about 5–11 days before monthly menstrual cycle
seasonal affective disorder
severe bouts of feeling down, low energy, sleep problems during the fall and winter seasons
schizophrenia
- One of the most debilitating mental disorders
- Impairs an individual’s sense of reality
- Characterized by abnormalities in brain structure and chemistry
- Symptoms can include hallucinations, delusions, inability to think logically, repeating others’ words or mimicking others, talking or rambling incoherently
suicide
- Suicide is often the tragic consequence of emotional and psychological problems
- Attempted suicide is a sign of serious distress
- Higher rates among men
- Second leading cause of death among young people
- Increasing rates among Indigenous people
- LGBTQ students also have an increased risk
Influenced by:
- Mental disorders
- Personality traits
- Biologic and genetic vulnerability Medical illness
- Psychosocial stressors
psychodynamic psychotherapy
Works toward the goal of providing greater insight
into problems and bringing about behavioural change
interpersonal therapy
Focuses on relationships to help individuals deal with unrecognized feelings and improve communication skills
cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
Focuses on inappropriate or inaccurate thoughts or beliefs to help individuals break out of a distorted way
of thinking
Mindfulness-based Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy
Includes traditional CBT as well as training in breathing exercises and meditation
psychiatric drug therapy
Uses drugs to alter brain chemistry and relieve
psychiatric symptoms
alternative mind-mood medicine
Uses natural products that claim to have
psychological effects
