Ch. 1 Flashcards
Health
a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being, not merely the absence of diseases or infirmity
A New Perspective on the Health of Canadians (1974) provided evidence for focus of lifestyle and environmental factors; four main elements
human biology, environment, lifestyle, healthcare organizations
health promotion
- enabling ppl to increase control over and to improve their health
- must be able to identify and realize aspirations, to satisfy needs, and to change or cope with he environment
- health is a resource for everyday life, emphasizing social and personal resources and physical capacities
- not just the responsibility fo the health sector
framework for health promotion; shifts responsibility to the individual
- identified 3 national health challenges
- -reducing inequities, increasing prevention effort, enhancing people’s capacity to cope
- identified 3 mechanisms to health promotion
- -self care, mutual aid, healthy environments
Precede-proceed model for health-promotion planning and evaluation
lecture 1 slide 8 (use for project)
quality of life
the degree to which a person enjoys the important possibilities of their life
3 life domains
Being: physical, psychological, spiritual
Belonging: physical, social, community
Becoming: practical, leisure, growth
(more info in textbook)
epidemiology
the study of how often diseases occur in different groups of people and why
- descriptive: examines distribution of disease in a specific population
- analytic: investigates causal factors related to diseases
- social: focuses on how social structures affects our health
wellness
a deliberate lifestyle choice characterized by personal responsibility and optimal enhancement of physical, mental, and spiritual health
-purposeful, enjoyable living
illness/wellness continuum
lecture 1.2 slide 13
six dimensions of wellness
- occupational
- physical
- social
- intellectual
- spiritual
- emotional
7th: environmental
social dimension
collectivist view of the world
- contribute to society
- help others
- seek ways to enhance relationships, build healthy communities
occupational dimension
- enrichment through work or vocation
- work is meaningful and rewarding
- balance of work and life commitments
spiritual dimension
- identify our basic purpose in life
- leaning hoe to experience love, joy, peace, fulfillment
- helping ourselves and others achieve our potential
- can mean a connection to a formal relation or faith
physical dimension
- participating in regular physical activity
- making healthy food choices
- avoiding harmful behaviours
- seeking medical attention when needed
intellectual dimension
- ability to think and learn from life experience
- openness to new ideas
- capacity to new ideas
- capacity to question and evaluate information
- cherishing intellectual growth and stimulation
emotional dimension
- feeling positive and enthusiastic
- awareness and acceptance of feelings in oneself and others
- capacity to express and manage feelings
- ability to cope with stressors
- can recognize when help is needed
environmental dimension
- difficult to adopt a ‘well’ way of living when our enviro is not healthy and well
- being respectful and attempting to live in harmony with nature
- ensuring stability and longevity of natural resources
demographic growth
trends in demographic growth affects demand for healthcare service
- rising healthcare costs associated with leading causes of death
- where we live
- demand for mental health services
life expectancy
1900s
- women=50.9
- men=47.9
- infectious diseases (eg, smallpox, TB) claimed many lives
- many women died during childbirth or shortly after
2018
- women=84
- men=80
social determinants
- health is determined by complex interactions between our environment, genetic makeup, and where we live and work
- growing inequality in social and economic status between groups of Canadians
- -the larger the gap, the lower the health status
social determinants of health
- disability
- early life
- education
- employment and working conditions
- food security
- gender
- geography
- health care services
- housing
- immigrant status
- income and its distribution
- indigenous ancestry
- race
- social exclusion
- social safety net
- unemployment and employment security
health of college/university students
- engaging in some behaviours increases risk for serious health problems
- more distress reported compared to the general Canadian population
- many risk factors for disease decline as education increases
understanding health behaviour: Behaviours that affect your health
- regular exercise
- eating a balanced nutritious diet
- seeking care for symptoms
- taking the necessary steps to overcome illness and restore well-being
-40-80% who try to change a bad health habit lapse within 6 weeks
factors that shape positive behaviour
slide 30
predisposing factors
- encourage or inhibit a behaviour change
- include knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, values, self-efficacy, behavioural intentions, and existing skills
- affected by age, sex, socioeconomic level, ethnicity, family background, healthcare access, and level of education
enabling factors
make it possible or easier for people or populations to change their behaviours
- positive: individual physical and mental capacities, resources, living conditions, societal support, accessible facilities, programs, and services and developing skills
- negative: ppl who encourage you to choose unhealthy lifestyle options or health services that don’t have your best interests at heart
reinforcing factors:
- praise from family and friends
- rewards from teachers or parents
- encouragement and recognition from meeting a goal
- healthy community policies
decision making
- set priorities
- inform yourself
- consider all your options
- tune in to your intuitive feelings
- consider a worst case scenario
health belief model
slide 35
making healthy lifestyle changes
- various approaches have been used to help people make changes (moral, enlightenment, behavioural, medical, compensatory models)
- awareness of social and cultural norms influencing behaviour is important to devise strategies for change
stages of change
precontemplation: not aware of a problem
contemplation: aware of a problem and usually considers a change within 6 months but can settle in this stage for years
preparation: intended to change within 1 month
action: modifying their behaviour according to their plan; some may never enter this phase (this is the reason for the lifestyle change project)
maintenance: continue to work at changing their behaviour and may take 6 months to a lifetime
termination: behaviour is deeply ingrained and becomes a new habit; may take 2-5 years
slide 38
successful change
self-efficacy: belief that you can and will succeed
locus of control: internal or external
reinforcements: positive=rewards, negative=punishments
self-talk: messages you send yourself
setting realistic goals
SMART model
- specific - the goal should have a clear stated specific endpoint
- measurable - need to be able to accurately track progress
- achievable - is it too ambitious or too easily met
- realistic - do you have the knowledge, finances, time..
- trackable (and time based) record - commit to three months. mid check then adjust after three months record and evaluate
the power of prevention
- primary (before the fact) prevention: seeks to prevent problems in healthy people
- prevention can target individuals, specific groups, or communities
- prevention saves money, is productive, and saves lives
the potential of protection
protection picks up where prevention leaves off
implies some degree of risk - immediate and direct; long term and indirect
assessing risks
- are there possible benefits
- is the risk voluntary
- is the risk fair
- are there alternatives
- are lives saved or lost
