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EPHE 142 > Ch. 1 > Flashcards

Ch. 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Health

A

a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being, not merely the absence of diseases or infirmity

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2
Q

A New Perspective on the Health of Canadians (1974) provided evidence for focus of lifestyle and environmental factors; four main elements

A

human biology, environment, lifestyle, healthcare organizations

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3
Q

health promotion

A
  • enabling ppl to increase control over and to improve their health
  • must be able to identify and realize aspirations, to satisfy needs, and to change or cope with he environment
  • health is a resource for everyday life, emphasizing social and personal resources and physical capacities
  • not just the responsibility fo the health sector
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4
Q

framework for health promotion; shifts responsibility to the individual

A
  • identified 3 national health challenges
  • -reducing inequities, increasing prevention effort, enhancing people’s capacity to cope
  • identified 3 mechanisms to health promotion
  • -self care, mutual aid, healthy environments
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5
Q

Precede-proceed model for health-promotion planning and evaluation

A

lecture 1 slide 8 (use for project)

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6
Q

quality of life

A

the degree to which a person enjoys the important possibilities of their life

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7
Q

3 life domains

A

Being: physical, psychological, spiritual

Belonging: physical, social, community

Becoming: practical, leisure, growth

(more info in textbook)

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8
Q

epidemiology

A

the study of how often diseases occur in different groups of people and why

  • descriptive: examines distribution of disease in a specific population
  • analytic: investigates causal factors related to diseases
  • social: focuses on how social structures affects our health
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9
Q

wellness

A

a deliberate lifestyle choice characterized by personal responsibility and optimal enhancement of physical, mental, and spiritual health
-purposeful, enjoyable living

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10
Q

illness/wellness continuum

A

lecture 1.2 slide 13

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11
Q

six dimensions of wellness

A
  • occupational
  • physical
  • social
  • intellectual
  • spiritual
  • emotional

7th: environmental

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12
Q

social dimension

A

collectivist view of the world

  • contribute to society
  • help others
  • seek ways to enhance relationships, build healthy communities
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13
Q

occupational dimension

A
  • enrichment through work or vocation
  • work is meaningful and rewarding
  • balance of work and life commitments
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14
Q

spiritual dimension

A
  • identify our basic purpose in life
  • leaning hoe to experience love, joy, peace, fulfillment
  • helping ourselves and others achieve our potential
  • can mean a connection to a formal relation or faith
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15
Q

physical dimension

A
  • participating in regular physical activity
  • making healthy food choices
  • avoiding harmful behaviours
  • seeking medical attention when needed
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16
Q

intellectual dimension

A
  • ability to think and learn from life experience
  • openness to new ideas
  • capacity to new ideas
  • capacity to question and evaluate information
  • cherishing intellectual growth and stimulation
17
Q

emotional dimension

A
  • feeling positive and enthusiastic
  • awareness and acceptance of feelings in oneself and others
  • capacity to express and manage feelings
  • ability to cope with stressors
  • can recognize when help is needed
18
Q

environmental dimension

A
  • difficult to adopt a ‘well’ way of living when our enviro is not healthy and well
  • being respectful and attempting to live in harmony with nature
  • ensuring stability and longevity of natural resources
19
Q

demographic growth

A

trends in demographic growth affects demand for healthcare service

  • rising healthcare costs associated with leading causes of death
  • where we live
  • demand for mental health services
20
Q

life expectancy

A

1900s

  • women=50.9
  • men=47.9
  • infectious diseases (eg, smallpox, TB) claimed many lives
  • many women died during childbirth or shortly after

2018

  • women=84
  • men=80
21
Q

social determinants

A
  • health is determined by complex interactions between our environment, genetic makeup, and where we live and work
  • growing inequality in social and economic status between groups of Canadians
  • -the larger the gap, the lower the health status
22
Q

social determinants of health

A
  • disability
  • early life
  • education
  • employment and working conditions
  • food security
  • gender
  • geography
  • health care services
  • housing
  • immigrant status
  • income and its distribution
  • indigenous ancestry
  • race
  • social exclusion
  • social safety net
  • unemployment and employment security
23
Q

health of college/university students

A
  • engaging in some behaviours increases risk for serious health problems
  • more distress reported compared to the general Canadian population
  • many risk factors for disease decline as education increases
24
Q

understanding health behaviour: Behaviours that affect your health

A
  • regular exercise
  • eating a balanced nutritious diet
  • seeking care for symptoms
  • taking the necessary steps to overcome illness and restore well-being

-40-80% who try to change a bad health habit lapse within 6 weeks

25
Q

factors that shape positive behaviour

A

slide 30

26
Q

predisposing factors

A
  • encourage or inhibit a behaviour change
  • include knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, values, self-efficacy, behavioural intentions, and existing skills
  • affected by age, sex, socioeconomic level, ethnicity, family background, healthcare access, and level of education
27
Q

enabling factors

A

make it possible or easier for people or populations to change their behaviours

  • positive: individual physical and mental capacities, resources, living conditions, societal support, accessible facilities, programs, and services and developing skills
  • negative: ppl who encourage you to choose unhealthy lifestyle options or health services that don’t have your best interests at heart
28
Q

reinforcing factors:

A
  • praise from family and friends
  • rewards from teachers or parents
  • encouragement and recognition from meeting a goal
  • healthy community policies
29
Q

decision making

A
  1. set priorities
  2. inform yourself
  3. consider all your options
  4. tune in to your intuitive feelings
  5. consider a worst case scenario
30
Q

health belief model

A

slide 35

31
Q

making healthy lifestyle changes

A
  • various approaches have been used to help people make changes (moral, enlightenment, behavioural, medical, compensatory models)
  • awareness of social and cultural norms influencing behaviour is important to devise strategies for change
32
Q

stages of change

A

precontemplation: not aware of a problem
contemplation: aware of a problem and usually considers a change within 6 months but can settle in this stage for years
preparation: intended to change within 1 month
action: modifying their behaviour according to their plan; some may never enter this phase (this is the reason for the lifestyle change project)
maintenance: continue to work at changing their behaviour and may take 6 months to a lifetime
termination: behaviour is deeply ingrained and becomes a new habit; may take 2-5 years

slide 38

33
Q

successful change

A

self-efficacy: belief that you can and will succeed
locus of control: internal or external
reinforcements: positive=rewards, negative=punishments
self-talk: messages you send yourself

34
Q

setting realistic goals

A

SMART model

  • specific - the goal should have a clear stated specific endpoint
  • measurable - need to be able to accurately track progress
  • achievable - is it too ambitious or too easily met
  • realistic - do you have the knowledge, finances, time..
  • trackable (and time based) record - commit to three months. mid check then adjust after three months record and evaluate
35
Q

the power of prevention

A
  • primary (before the fact) prevention: seeks to prevent problems in healthy people
  • prevention can target individuals, specific groups, or communities
  • prevention saves money, is productive, and saves lives
36
Q

the potential of protection

A

protection picks up where prevention leaves off

implies some degree of risk - immediate and direct; long term and indirect

37
Q

assessing risks

A
  • are there possible benefits
  • is the risk voluntary
  • is the risk fair
  • are there alternatives
  • are lives saved or lost

EPHE 142 (8 decks)

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