Ch 1a Flashcards
Homeostasis
Maintains normalcy in the human body
Anatomy
- structure and organization
What is anatomy?
-development process
- micro organization
- structure of the body
Division of anatomy
- Gross anatomy
-micro anatomy - radiographic anatomy
- pathologic anatomy
Gross anatomy subdivision
-Systemic anatomy
- regional anatomy
- surface anatomy
-embryology
- comparative anatomy
Systemic anatomy
- Studies the anatomy of each functionalsystem
Regional anatomy
- study anatomy region by region
-ex head outermost skin & head (integramenty system) → skull (skeletal system )→ present micninjas made of connective-tissue system → protect the brain → brain ( nervous system) →carrying away nutrients from brain (cardiovascular systems)→gasious exchange ( respiratory system)
-studying multiple systems together as they relate to a region
present meninges
- made up of connective tissue→protective layers that are protecting the brain
Nervous system
-Blood vessels that are running through the structures of the brain → bring food to the brain cells → carrying a way the waste
How is 02 brought to the brain?
Via the blood
How does 02 get into the blood?
Through the lungs by gasious exchange
Surface anatomy
- Focuses superficial anatomic markings and internal body structures as they relate to the skin covering them
-ex annual physical physician feels lymph nodes to ensure they are not enlarged→physician studying organs through surface anatomy
Embryology
Studies developmental changes from fertilization to birth
Comparative anatomy
Examines similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species
Ex cat-and human have same muscles
Microscopic anatomy division
-cytology
- histology
Cytology
-Study of individual cells and their internal structure
Histology
Study of tissues
Pathologic anatomy
Examines aratomic changes caused by disease considers both gross and micro anatomy
Similar to comparative anatomy same species health vs non healthy
Radiographic anatomy
Investigates the internal structures of the body not invasive!
Ex xray / anatomical imaging l synogruphy/CT/DSA/MRI/ pet scan
What is xray good for
Bones teeth and dense structures like tumors
What are the disadvantages of xray
High energy radiation
Does not image sett tissue well
Sonography
- Sater than X-ray
- as the wand is moved across the body high frequency ultrasound that produce an image = sonogram,
Computed temography Ct cat scan
- low intensity xrays are emitted from one side of the machine pass through the body and collected by detectors on the opposite side
- continuous thins slices of images = formed
- the slices can be put together and reconstruct a 3d image of the body
Why is the CT better than the xray
Because it takes many images in thin slices
Digital substraction angiography
’ Modified 3d technique to look @ blood vessels espicaly to see a blockage
Why is it called subtraction?
B/c the image is done 2x before and after injecting an opaque medium into the blood vessels
Then the before and after image will be substrate to see the blockage
How does DSA help drs
Helps accurately guide the catheter to the blockage
MRI
_Uses strong electro magnets → strong magnetic field that actually moves the proton in the body
- soft tissues show up very clearly
Functional MRI
Used to map the regions of the brain that are functional during a specific activity
Positron emission tomography pet scan
_ Radioactively labled glucose is used → helps metabolically analyze tissue @any given moment
-Used to see if certain types of cancers have metasizied throughout the body because cancer cells take up more glucose show as hot spots in the scan
Divisions of physiology
Cell physiology
Respiratory physiology
Neurophysiology
cardiovascular
reproductive
Cell physiology
Studying metabolic activities @ a cellular level
Respiratory physiology
Function of respiratory system
Neurophysiology
Function of the neurons the nerves
Cardiovascular
Function of the heart blood vessels
Reproductive
Function of the reproductive hormones t reproductive cycle
Pathophysiology
Relationship btw function of organ or organ system which is normal or diseased
How are form t function interrelated
Ex our lungs are made of microscopic aveoli = little sacs
- alveoli have a large surface that matches their function = gas exchange
_to facilitate the function the large structure= needed
Physiology
Function
