CH 19: Pathology Flashcards
Bengin tumors (neoplasms)
- slow growing, multiply rapidly
- encapsulated
- differentiated cells
Malignant tumors
- invasive and infiltrative
- anaplasia: backward growth
- dedifferentiated, undifferentiated
- metastasize
classification of tumors
- carcinoma
- sarcoma
- mixed tissue tumors
carcinoma
- solid tumor
- epithelial tissue that line ext and int body surfaces
- usually adenoma
sarcoma
- malignant tumors
- less common that carcinoma
- CT tissue of body i.e.: bone, fat, muscle, cartilage, bone marrow
- lymph system
- derive from blood forming tissue i.e.: leukemia
- termed mesenchymal tissue
- usually have -oma for benign
mixed tissue tumors
- tissue that can differentiate into epithelial and CT
- uncommon tumor
- kidney, ovaries, testes
cystic
forming large open spaces filled with fluid
- ie: mucinous tumors
fungating
mushrooming pattern of growth in which tumor cells pile one on top of another and project form a tissue surface
inflammatory
having the features of inflammation- redness, swelling and heat
medullary
pertaining to large, soft, fleshy tumor
necrotic
containing dead tissue
polypoid *
growth that are like projections extending outward from a base
- sessile (tumor extend from a broad base)
- pedunculated ( polypoid tumor extend from a stem or stalk)
- resemble polyp
ulcerating
characterized by an open, exposed surface resulting from death of overlying tissue
- tumors found in stomach, breast, colon and skin
verrucous
resembling a wart like growth
alveolar
tumor cells form patterns resembling small sacs
carcinoma in situ
referring to localized tumor cells that have no invaded adjacent structures
diffuse
spreading evenly throughout the affected tissue
dysplastic
abnormal appearing cells; not clearly cancerous
epidermoid
resembling squamous epithelial cells (thin, plate like)
- often in respiratory tract
follicular
forming small glandular sacs
papillary
forming small finger like or nipple like projections of cells
pleomorphic
composed of a variety of types of cells
scirrhous
densely packed (scirrhous means hard) tumors, containing dense bands of fibrous tissue
undifferentiated
lacking microscopic structures typical of normal mature cells
metachange
- anaplasia
- dysplasia
- metaplasia
tumor grade
degree of maturity or differentiation under the microscope
- 1 through 4
tumor stage
extend of spread within the body
- TNM staging system
cauterization
process of burning tissue
core needle biopsy
placement of large bore needle that extracts a thin core of tissue
cryosurgery
use of subfreezing temp to destroy tissue
en bloc resection
tumor is removed along with a large area of surrounding tissue containing lymph nodes
excisional biopsy
removal of tumor and margin of normal tissue
- may be curative for small noninvasive tumors
exenteration
wide resection involving removal of tumor, its organ or origin and all surrounding tissue in body space
fine needle aspiration
placement of a very thin needle inside the tumor mass and extracting cells for microscopic evaluation
fulguration
destruction of tissue by electric sparks generated by a high frequency current
incisional biopsy
piece of tumor is removed for examination to establish a diagnosis
photon therapy
radiation therapy using X-rays or gamma rays
radiocurable tumor
tumor eradicated by radiation therapy
radioresistant tumor
tumor that requires large doses of radiation to produce death of cells
- melanoma + renal carcinoma: most resistant
radiosensitive tumor
radiation causes death of cells without serious damage to surrounding tissue
- hematopoietic and lymphatic tumors
AE of radiotherapy
- alopecia
- fibrosis ( increase in CT)
- mucositis
- myelosuppression
- nausea and vomiting
- pneumonitis
- xerostomia (dryness of the mouth)
