CH 19: Pathology

Question 1

Bengin tumors (neoplasms)

Answer 1

1. slow growing, multiply rapidly
2. encapsulated
3. differentiated cells

Question 2

Malignant tumors

Answer 2

1. invasive and infiltrative
2. anaplasia: backward growth
3. dedifferentiated, undifferentiated
4. metastasize

Question 3

classification of tumors

Answer 3

1. carcinoma
2. sarcoma
3. mixed tissue tumors

Question 4

carcinoma

Answer 4

• solid tumor
• epithelial tissue that line ext and int body surfaces
• usually adenoma

Question 5

sarcoma

Answer 5

• malignant tumors
• less common that carcinoma
• CT tissue of body i.e.: bone, fat, muscle, cartilage, bone marrow
• lymph system
• derive from blood forming tissue i.e.: leukemia
• termed mesenchymal tissue
• usually have -oma for benign

Question 6

mixed tissue tumors

Answer 6

• tissue that can differentiate into epithelial and CT
• uncommon tumor
• kidney, ovaries, testes

Question 7

cystic

Answer 7

forming large open spaces filled with fluid

- ie: mucinous tumors

Question 8

fungating

Answer 8

mushrooming pattern of growth in which tumor cells pile one on top of another and project form a tissue surface

Question 9

inflammatory

Answer 9

having the features of inflammation- redness, swelling and heat

Question 10

medullary

Answer 10

pertaining to large, soft, fleshy tumor

Question 11

necrotic

Answer 11

containing dead tissue

Question 12

polypoid *

Answer 12

growth that are like projections extending outward from a base

• sessile (tumor extend from a broad base)
• pedunculated ( polypoid tumor extend from a stem or stalk)
• resemble polyp

Question 13

ulcerating

Answer 13

characterized by an open, exposed surface resulting from death of overlying tissue
- tumors found in stomach, breast, colon and skin

Question 14

verrucous

Answer 14

resembling a wart like growth

Question 15

alveolar

Answer 15

tumor cells form patterns resembling small sacs

Question 16

carcinoma in situ

Answer 16

referring to localized tumor cells that have no invaded adjacent structures

Question 17

diffuse

Answer 17

spreading evenly throughout the affected tissue

Question 18

dysplastic

Answer 18

abnormal appearing cells; not clearly cancerous

Question 19

epidermoid

Answer 19

resembling squamous epithelial cells (thin, plate like)

- often in respiratory tract

Question 20

follicular

Answer 20

forming small glandular sacs

Question 21

papillary

Answer 21

forming small finger like or nipple like projections of cells

Question 22

pleomorphic

Answer 22

composed of a variety of types of cells

Question 23

scirrhous

Answer 23

densely packed (scirrhous means hard) tumors, containing dense bands of fibrous tissue

Question 24

undifferentiated

Answer 24

lacking microscopic structures typical of normal mature cells

Question 25

metachange

Answer 25

1. anaplasia
2. dysplasia
3. metaplasia

Question 26

tumor grade

Answer 26

degree of maturity or differentiation under the microscope

- 1 through 4

Question 27

tumor stage

Answer 27

extend of spread within the body

- TNM staging system

Question 28

cauterization

Answer 28

process of burning tissue

Question 29

core needle biopsy

Answer 29

placement of large bore needle that extracts a thin core of tissue

Question 30

cryosurgery

Answer 30

use of subfreezing temp to destroy tissue

Question 31

en bloc resection

Answer 31

tumor is removed along with a large area of surrounding tissue containing lymph nodes

Question 32

excisional biopsy

Answer 32

removal of tumor and margin of normal tissue

- may be curative for small noninvasive tumors

Question 33

exenteration

Answer 33

wide resection involving removal of tumor, its organ or origin and all surrounding tissue in body space

Question 34

fine needle aspiration

Answer 34

placement of a very thin needle inside the tumor mass and extracting cells for microscopic evaluation

Question 35

fulguration

Answer 35

destruction of tissue by electric sparks generated by a high frequency current

Question 36

incisional biopsy

Answer 36

piece of tumor is removed for examination to establish a diagnosis

Question 37

photon therapy

Answer 37

radiation therapy using X-rays or gamma rays

Question 38

radiocurable tumor

Answer 38

tumor eradicated by radiation therapy

Question 39

radioresistant tumor

Answer 39

tumor that requires large doses of radiation to produce death of cells
- melanoma + renal carcinoma: most resistant

Question 40

radiosensitive tumor

Answer 40

radiation causes death of cells without serious damage to surrounding tissue
- hematopoietic and lymphatic tumors

Question 41

AE of radiotherapy

Answer 41

1. alopecia
2. fibrosis ( increase in CT)
3. mucositis
4. myelosuppression
5. nausea and vomiting
6. pneumonitis
7. xerostomia (dryness of the mouth)