Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CHEM 103 > CH 19 notes > Flashcards

CH 19 notes Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

Luciferinase

A

Enzyme found in fireflies tails–light production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Catalyst

A

anything that speeds up rate of RXN but itself is unchanged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does catalyst work?

A

Lowers the energy of the transition state and therefore the activation energy (Ea) of RXN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Enzyme

A

PRO or other molecule that acts as a catalyst for a biochemical RXN

WATER SOLUBLE
GLOBULAR PRO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Active Site

A

pocket in an enzyme w. specific shape and chemical makeup necessary to bind a substrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Substrate

A

reactant in an enzyme-catalyzed RXN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Specificity enzyme

A

limitation of the activity of an enzyme to a specific substrate, specific RXN, or specific type of RXN

Catalase almost completely specific for decomposition of hydrogen peroxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Catalysis of enzymes

A

enzymes can also be specific to STEREOCHEMISTRY

catalytic activity of enzyme is measured by its turnover number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Turnover #

A

max # of substrate molecules acted upon by one molecule of enzyme per unit time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cofactor

A

nonPRO pt of an enzyme that is essential to the enzyme’s catalytic activity, a metal ion of coenzyme

EX:
Fe     Mn
Zn     Mo
Cu    Co
Ni     V
   Se
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Coenzyme

A

organic molecule that acts as an enzyme cofactor

certain vitamins are critical building blocks for coenzymes
they’re dietary necessities bc CANT BE SYNTHESIZED IN BODY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Oxidoreductases

A

catalyze redox runs of substrate molecules
usually addition or removal of O2 or H+
must have coenzyme thats either OXIDIZED OR REDUCED

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Transferases

A

catalyze transfer of a functional grip form on molecule to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hydrolases

A

catalyze the hydrolysis of substrates

EX:
digestion of CHO and PRO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Isomerases

A

catalyze the isomerization (rearrangement of atoms) of a substrate in RXNs that have but one substrate and one product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Lyases

A

Catalyze the addition of a molecule ( H20, CO2, NH3) to a double bond OR reverse RXN in which molecule is eliminated to form a double bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

LIGASES

A

catalyze the bonding together or TWO substrate molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Lock and Key

A

historical model

rigid space for rigid piece

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Induced- fit model

A

enzyme action

has flexible active site changes shape to accommodate substrate

20
Q

Induced- fit model

Proximity effect

A

joining up of the enzyme with substrate

21
Q

Induced- fit model

Orientation effx

A

holding of substrates at the exact distance and in the exact orientation necessary for a RXn

22
Q

Induced- fit model

Catalytic effx

A

provide ACIDIc, BASIC or other groups required for catalysis

23
Q

Induced- fit model

Energy Effect

A

Lowering energy barrier by induing strain in bonds in the substrate molecule

24
Q

Substrate concentration

A

as substrate concentration increases– rate of RXN INCREASES

starts to level off when the substrates concentration gets high enough that most enzymes are taken

levels off –>add more substrate

25
Q

Enzyme concentration

A

if there is plenty of substrate…RXN rate INCREASES linearly w/ enzyme concentration

26
Q

Temperature on enzyme activity

A

INCREASE in temp INCREASES rate of RXN until temp. gets HIGH enough to DENATURE enzyme..then SHARP DECREASE in activity

27
Q

effect of pH on enzyme activity

A

each enzyme will have an optimal pH that coincides w. the natural environment of the catalyzed RXn

28
Q

Enzyme activation

A

any process that INITIATES or increase action of enzyme

29
Q

Enzyme inhibition

A

any process that SLOWS/ STOPS action of enzyme

30
Q

Feedback Control

A

regulation of an enzyme’s activity by the product of a RXN later in pathway
A—-(enzym. 1)–> B—(enzym. 2)—> C —ETC—>

31
Q

Allosteric Control

A

interaction in which the binding of a regulator at one site on PRO aft the PRO’s ability to bind another molecule at different site

EITHER POSI+IVE (enzyme becomes a better catalyst)
OR NEGATiVe—– (enzyme becomes a less effective catalyst)

32
Q

Allosteric Enzyme

A

enzyme whose activity is controlled by the binging of an activator or inhibitor at location other than active site

33
Q

Uncompetitive Inhibition

A

enzyme regulation in which inhibitor binds reversibly to the enzyme substrate complex

blocks the binding of the second substrate to active site

34
Q

Reversible Competitive Inhibition

A

enzyme regulation in which an inhibitor competes w/ a substrate for binding to enzyme active site

35
Q

Irreversible Inhibition

A

enzyme deactivation in which an inhibitor forms covalent bonds for the active site

PERMANTELY BLOCKS ACTIVE SITE!!!!!

36
Q

Covalent Modification

A

removal of addition of an covalently bonded group to modify the activity of enzyme

37
Q

Zygomen

A

compound that becomes and active enzyme after undergoing a chemical change

38
Q

Genetic (enzyme) control

A

regulation of enzyme activity by control of the synthesis of enzymes

39
Q

VITAMINS

A

organic molecule
essential in trace amounts
MUST BE OBTAINED FROM DIET!!!!
cannot be synthesized in body

40
Q

Water- Soluble Vitamins

A

Must be replaced daily due to solubility in water (urine)
MOST ARE COENZYMES
ALL B VITS and C-ANTIOXIDANT

41
Q

Vitamin A

A

ANTIOXIDANT

EYE FUNCTION and SKIN

42
Q

Vitamin D

A

related to CHOLESTEROL

NEEDED FOR BONE MASS

43
Q

Vitamin E

A

ANTIOXIDANT
PREVENTS form of ANEMIA
protects vit A

44
Q

Vitamin K

A

ESSENTIAL FOR LIVER

prevents BLEEDING DISORDERS (helps blood clot)

45
Q

ANITOXIDANT

A

substance that prevents oxidation by reacting with an oxidizing agent

46
Q 
What do 
VIT C
VIT E
BETA-CAROTENE
MINERAL SELENIUM
have in common and what do they do?
A

DIETARY ANTIOXIDANTS

work together to defuse the potentially harmful action of free radicals

47
Q

Free Radical

A

Atom or molecule wit h an unpaired electron
wants to attach to anything
bad for body

CHEM 103 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions