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CHEM 103 > CH 19 > Flashcards

CH 19 Flashcards

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1
Q

The reactant in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is called the

A

Substrate

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2
Q

The theory of enzyme mechanism that suggests a rigid, inflexible molecule is the ________ model

A

Lock and Key

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3
Q

The theory of enzyme mechanism that suggests a flexible molecule whose shape is altered by the reaction conditions is the ________ model.

A

Induced fit

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4
Q

When substrate molecules occupy all of the active sites in the enzyme available for a particular reaction, the enzyme is said to be

A

saturated

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5
Q

Substances the bind to an enzyme and increase its activity are called

A

positive regulators

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6
Q

A multi-step biochemical process in which the rate of an early step is affected by the concentration of products of a later step is said to be subject to

A

feedback control

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7
Q

The mechanism of enzyme control that is similar to noncompetitive inhibition because both involve interactions with the enzyme at locations other than the active site is

A

allosteric interaction

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8
Q

Another term for substances that bind irreversibly with the active site of an enzyme is

A

POISONS

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9
Q

You have added an irreversible inhibitor to a sample of enzyme and substrate. At this point, the reaction has stopped completely. What is the best way to get the activity of the enzyme back up?

A

The enzyme is inactive at this point. Nothing can be done except add new enzyme.

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10
Q

You have an enzymatic reaction going at optimum pH and optimum temperature. You add a competitive inhibitor to the reaction and notice that the reaction slows down. What can you do to speed the reaction up again?

A

Add more substrate; it will out-compete the inhibitor and increase the rate.

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11
Q

Which of the following statements about the effect of temperature on enzyme activity is correct?

A

Enzymes in human body usually give best catalytic activity around 37 °C

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12
Q

Fat Soluble Vitamins are…

A

A D E K

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13
Q

Transferase

A

type of enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of functional group from molecule to another

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14
Q

Zymogen

A

inactive form of an enzyme, PROENZYME

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15
Q

Hydrolase

A

type of enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of LG molecules by the RXN of H2O

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16
Q

Isomerase

A

type of enzyme the catalyzes internal rearrangement of molecules

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17
Q

Antioxidant

A

Prevents harmful RXN of free radical

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18
Q

Oxidoreductase

A

Type pf enzyme that catalyzes oxidation or reduction RXNs

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19
Q

Lyase

A

enzyme that catalyzes the removal of a small molecule from a larger one

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20
Q

Vitamin

A

small organic molecule necessary for good health and must be obtained from diet

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21
Q

Hormones produced in the…

A

endocrine system

22
Q

Chemical messengers that are produced by the endocrine system and circulate in the bloodstream are

A

HORMONES

23
Q

Chemical messengers that carry signals between neurons are

A

neurotransmitters

24
Q

**Depression is known to be caused by a deficiency of

A

serotonin.
dopamine.
norepinephrine.

25
Q

The organ that is above the pituitary gland…controls the endocrine system is the

A

hypothalmus

26
Q

Receptor

A

pt of target cell that interacts w/ the messenger

27
Q

Endocrine System

A

cells in organs and tissues that secrete hormones thru blood stream

28
Q

Direct Neural control

A

nervous sys. message from the hypothalamus–>initiates hypothalamus release of hormones by the ADRENAL glnd

29
Q

Direct Release of Hormones

A

Hormones move from hypothal.–>posterior pituitary gland where they are stored until needed

30
Q

Indirect control three release of regulatory hormones

A

regulatory hormones from hypothalmus STIMULATE or inhibit release of hormones by pituitary gland

31
Q

Second Messanger

A

chemical mesg. released inside cell when hydrophilic hormone or neurotransmitter interacts w/ a receptor on the cell surface

32
Q

Epinephrine

A

ADRENALINE

  • fight or flight hormone
  • released by adrenal gland in instant response to danger
33
Q

Does Epinephrine make glucose more available?

A

YES

34
Q

What does Epinephrine in flight or flight response?

A

incurs blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate

35
Q

what counteracts respiratory spasms? treats anaphylaxis

A

Epinephrine

36
Q

Biochemistry

A

study of molecules and their RXNs in living organisms

  • PRO
  • CHO
  • LIPIDS
  • NUCLEIC ACIDS
37
Q

Protein

A

LARGE biological molecule maced of many amino acids linked together thru AMIDE PEPTIDE BONDS

38
Q

Amino Acid

A

molecules that contains both an amino group and a carboxylic acid functional group

39
Q

Alpha (a) amino acid

A

amino acid in which the amino group is bonded to the carbon atoms next to the -COOH grp

40
Q

Side Chain(amino acid)

A

the variable group bonded to the central carbon atom in an amino acid-different in different amino acids!

41
Q

Peptide bond

A

amide bond that links together two amino acids together

42
Q

Amino acid facts

A
  • ALL PRO are built from just 20 a-amino acids
  • Each amino acid=written shorthand 3 letters (his)
  • 19 of amino acids differ only in the identity of the side change attach to alpha carbon
  • Last amino acid (proline) is a secondary amine whose N+ and alpha- Carbon atoms are joined in a five member ring
43
Q

Essential Amino Acids

A

cannot be synthesized by the organism- MUST BE SUPPLIED IN DIET

44
Q

Conditionally Essential Amino acids (CAA)

A

their synthesis can be limited under special pathophysiological conditions
-such as prematurity in the infant or individuals in severe catabolic distress

45
Q

SIX CAA

A
  • Arg
  • Cys
  • Try
  • Pro
  • Gln
  • Gly
46
Q

Properties of A.A

A

Classified as acidic, neutral, basic

further classified as those w. non polar side chains and those w. polar side chains

Intermolecular forces are very important in determining PRO structure

47
Q

Noncovalent forces

A

forces of attraction other than covalent bond that can act b/t molecules or w/in molecules

48
Q

A.A Side chain classification

A

Non polar SC are described as HYDROPHOBIC, polar, acidic,

basic side chains are described as HYDROPHILLIC

49
Q

Hydrophobic

A

“water fearing” a hydrophobic substance that DOES NOT dissolve in H20

50
Q

Hydrophillic

A

“water loving” a hydrophilic substance DOES dissolve in H20

CHEM 103 (4 decks)

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