CH 19 Flashcards
The mining industry in England expanded rapidly with industrialization due to the increased demand for what?
Coal and iron
One of the developments that hastened the Industrial Revolution was the steam engine, originally developed to remove water from mines by which inventor?
Thomas Newcomen
Briefly explain the central differences in the development of industrialization in Great Britain and the United States on the one hand and continental Europe on the other.
The main difference was the railways being built it helped transport goods and eventually people. Plus, population growth played a factor. It brought more people for work
What were some of the new industries being developed by other countries that led Great Britain to begin to lose its lead in the Industrial Revolution in the second half of the nineteenth century?
Manufacturing with raw materials such as wool, cotton
In what year did direct communication between the United States and Europe become possible?
1876
In the 1860s, _____ was the last polity to abolish serfdom.
Russia
By the mid-nineteenth century, the world economy had divided into which two major groups?
Producers of manufactured goods (Europe) & suppliers of necessary raw materials/ buyers of finished goods (everyone else)
What was the most notorious environmental change associated with industrialization?
Population growth and expansion of manufacturing industrial causing air and water pollution
Deaths attributed to air pollution from the multiple coal-burning sources in England in the nineteenth century hovered around what percent?
25%
Briefly explain what was required to achieve middle-class “respectability.”
The middle-class women were often married young and worked in manufacturing jobs. Where as poor women or men to make ends meet would go into prostitution
What factors determined the division of the working class into subgroups?
Skill, wage, gender, and workplace
What transportation system was an essential part of early industrial development in Britain, connecting cities to one another, as well as northern England to London?
railroads
What led major cities to begin purifying their water supplies by the late nineteenth century?
Toxic water caused by industrial pollution and human waste that spurred up several epidemics of cholera
What is Luddites?
bands of workmen who resented the new mechanical devices in weaving industries attacked several establishments and destroyed frames used to weave cloth
What is Navvies?
navigator; used for construction workers on Britain’s eighteenth- century canals (building railways)
