Ch 18 Throax & Lungs Flashcards
Pleural cavities
On either side of the mediastinum contain the lungs
Mediastinum
Middle section of the thoracic cavity containing the esophagus trachea heart and great vessels
Lobes of the lungs of
Right lung has 3 lobes and left lung has 2
lobes
Pleurae
Thin slippery, forms an envelope between the lungs and the chest wall
Visceral pleura
Lines the outside of the lungs dipping down into the tissues it is continuous with the parietal pleura lining the inside of the chest wall and diaphragm
Costodiaphragmatic recess
The pleural extend about 3cm below the level of the lungs forming . This is the potential space; when it abnormally fills with air or fluid it compromises lung expansion
Acinus
Functional respiratory unit consist of bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and the alveoli. Gas exchange occurs across the respiratory membrane in alveoli ducts.
Mechanics of Respirations
(1) supply oxygen to the body for energy production (2) removing carbon dioxide as a waste product for energy reaction (3) maintain homeostasis (acid-base balance) of Arterial blood (4) maintain heat exchange
Hypercapnia
Increase of carbon dioxide in the blood
The normal stimulus for us to breathe
Hypoxemia
A decrease of oxygen in the blood
Also increases Respirations but is less effective
Surfactant
The complex lipid substance needed for sustained inflation of the air sacs
Characteristics timing of a cough
Continuous throughout the day– acute illness (ex respiratory infection)
Afternoon/evening– may reflect exposure to irritants at work
Night– postnatal drip, sinusitis
Early morning – chronic bronchial inflammation of smokers
Hemoptysis
The act of coughing up blood
Chronic bronchitis characterized
History of productive cough for 3 months out of a year for 2years in a row
Characteristic sputum production :
White or clear mucoid
Colds , bronchitis, viral infections,
Characteristic sputum production :
Yellow or green mucoid
Bacterial infection
Characteristic sputum production :
Rust colored mucoid
Tuberculosis pneumococcal pneumonia
Characteristic sputum production :
Pink frothy mucoid
Pulmonary edema some sympathomimetic medication have side effect pink tinged mucus
Conditions of Characteristics cough sound
Mycoplasma pneumonia = hacking
Early heart failure= dry
Croup= Barking
colds, bronchitis, pneumonia = congested
Orthopnea
Difficulty breathing when supine need pillows to fine a comfort zone to breath
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Awakening from sleep with a shortness of breath (SOB) and needing to be upright to achieve comfort
Emphysema
A type of COPD damaging the air sac alveoli in the lungs