Ch 17 Breast & Regional Lymphatics

Question 0

Paget’s Disease

Answer 0

Disorder where the bone breaks down and regrow a abnormally.

Starts with crust on the nipple apex then spread to the areola

Question 1

Galactorrhea

Answer 1

The spontaneous flow of milk from a women who is not pregnant. Certain medication can be the cause: oral contraceptive, phenothiazines, diuretics, digitalis, steroids, methyldopa, calicum, channel blockers

Question 2

Sexual maturity rating in Girls

Answer 2

1. Preadolescent: only a small elevated nipple
2. Breast bud stage: small mound 3.breast enlarge areola widens 4. Secondary mound is formed
3. Mature

Question 3

What decreased estrogen level cause?

Answer 3

Decrease firmness in breast and rapid decrease cause actual shrinkage

Question 4

Breast cancer risk factors

Answer 4

Female sex >50
Personal history
Mutation of BRCA1 and BRCA2
First degree relative (mother daughter sister)
Previous breast biopsy
Previous breast irradiation
Menstruation before 12 or menopause after 50

Question 5

Breast changes abnormal findings

Answer 5

A sudden increase in one breast could signal inflammation or new growth

Question 6

Supernumerary nipple

Answer 6

Is an extra nipple normal finding they develop along the ridge over the thorax and rest of the ridge and usually atrophies

Question 7

Dimpling

Answer 7

The shallow dimple aka skin tether cancer causes fibrosis which contract the suspensory ligaments the dimple may be apparent at rest, compression or with lifting arms

Question 8

Edema

Answer 8

Lymphatic obstruction causes edema giving a pig skin or orange peel look suggest cancer

Question 9

Benign Breast Disease (formerly fibrocystic breast disease )

Answer 9

Multiple tender masses covers 6 diagnostic categories
A nonspecific diagnosis for a benign condition characterized by palpable lumps in the breasts, usually associated with pain and tenderness. T

1. Swelling and tenderness (cyclic discomfort)
2. Mastalgia (severe pain, both cyclic and non cyclic)
3. dominant lumps (cysts and fibroadenomas)
4. Nipple discharge
5. Infections and inflammations
6. Nodularity significant (lumpiness both cyclic and non cyclic)

Question 10

Fibroadenomas

Answer 10

Solitary nontender mass a benign breast disease that deserves mention solid, firm, rubbery, and elastic grows quickly common bet 15 to 30 years but can occur up to 55yrs

Question 11

Cancer

Answer 11

Solitary unilateral nontender mass solid hard dense and fixed to underlying tissues or skin as cancer is invasive. Borders are irregular and poorly delineated grown constantly often painless