Ch 12 Skin, Hair, Nails Flashcards

0
Q

Cyanosis

A

This is a bluish mottled color that signifies decreased perfusion the tissues are not adequately perfumed with oxygenated blood

Dusky blue

Brown skin look at conjunctival oral mucosa nail beds

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1
Q

Pallor

A

When the red pink tone from the oxygenated hemoglobin in the blood are lost, the skin takes on the color of connective tissue (collagen) which is mostly white
Presents as:
Pale, ashen gray dull skin

Brown skin appears yellow-brown dull skin losses healthy glow

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2
Q

Erythema

A

Intense redness of skin from excess blood hyperemia in the dilated superficial capillaries

presents as: Red bright pink
Dark skin purplish tinge difficult to see palpate for increased warmth with inflammation

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3
Q

Jaundice

A

Is exhibited by a yellow color, indicating rising amounts of bilirubin in the blood
Presents as
Yellow in the sclera , hard palate, mucous membrane palms of the hand

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4
Q

Conditions that exhibits Pallor

A
Anemia - decreased hematocrit 
Shock- decreased perfusion, vasoconstriction 
Local arterial insufficiency 
Albinism
Vitiligo
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5
Q

Albinism

A

Total absence of pigment melanin throughout the integument

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6
Q

Vitiligo

A

Patchy depigmentation from destruction of melanocytes

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7
Q

Conditions that exhibits cyanosis

A

Increased amount of unoxygenated hemoglobin
Central-chronic heart and lung disease causes arterial desaturation

Peripheral- exposure to cold anxiety

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8
Q

Conditions that exhibits Erythema

A

carbon monoxide poisoning, polycythemia hyperemia, venous stasis

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9
Q

Hyperemia

A

Increased blood flow though engorged arterioles , such as in inflammation, fever, alcohol intake, blushing to

An unusual amount of blood in a part; congestion.

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10
Q

Polycythemia

A

Increased red blood cells capillary stasis

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11
Q

Venous stasis

A

Decreased blood flow area engorged venules

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12
Q

Conditions that exhibits Jaundice

A

Increased serum bilirubin from the liver inflammation or hemolytic disease, such as after severe burns, some infections

Carotenemia, uremia

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13
Q

Carotenemia

A

Increased serum Carotene from ingestion of large amounts of carotene-rich foods

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14
Q

Uremia

A

Renal failure causes retained Urochrome pigments in the blood

Intoxication caused by the body’s accumulation of metabolic by-products normally excreted by healthy kidneys.

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15
Q

Pustule

A

Turbid fluid (pus) in the cavity. Circumscribed and elevated examples impetigo , acne

16
Q

Urticaria

A

(Hives) wheals coalesce to form extensive reaction, intensely pruritic.

17
Q

Hematoma

A

A bruise you can feel it elevates the skin and is seen as swelling

18
Q

Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) Preparation

A

Microscopic examination of skin scraping helps diagnose superficial fungal infections

Use a sharp sterile blade lightly Scrape the scale from the edge of scaling lesion place on clean slide add a drop of 10% to 20% KOH to dissolve non-fungal skin debris send to the lab

19
Q

Lesions recognition Technique

A

Color
Elevation flat raised
Pattern or shape: grouping annular
Size use a ruler to measure
Location and distribution on body: is it generalized or localized
Any Exudate: note it’s color and any odor

20
Q

Edema

A

Fluid accumulating in the intercellular spaces; to check for edema imprint your thumbs firmly against the ankle malleolus or tibia normal skin surface stays smooth if pressure leaves a dent it’s called pitting

21
Q

Grading Scale for Edema Pitting

A

1+ Mild pitting, slight indentation, no swelling of the leg
2+ Moderate pitting indentation subside rapidly
3+ Deep pitting indentation remains for a short time leg looks swollen
4+ very deep pitting indentation lasts long time leg is very swollen

22
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

The thyroid gland (in the front of your neck) produces to much thyroid hormone

Skin feels smoother and softer like velvet

Having too much thyroid hormone can make thing in your body speed up. You may lose weight quickly, have a fast heartbeat, sweat a lot, or feel nervous and moody

23
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

The thyroid glands does not produce enough thyroid hormone

Skin feels rough, dry, and flaky

24
Q

Senile purpura

A

A minor trauma may produce dark red discolored areas

25
Q

Melasma

A

The “mask of pregnancy” a patchy tan to dark brown discoloration if the face

26
Q

Function of the Skin

A

Protection prevent penetration temperature regulation wound repair absorption and excretion production of vitamin D

27
Q

Hirsutism

A

Shaggy or excessive hairs

28
Q

Braden Scale

A

A validated assessment tool commonly used to quantify a patient’s degree of risk for developing a pressure ulcer. Each assessment parameter is measured on a scale from high risk of 1 to low risk of 3 or 4. The parameters include sensory perception, moisture, activity, mobility, nutrition, and friction and shear, with a possible total score range of 4 to 23. The lower the total score, the higher the risk for pressure ulcer development. Patients are at risk for developing pressure ulcers if the total score is less than 17. Patients need to be assessed on a regular basis.